Effects of Fluid Saturation on Seismic AVA and CSEM Response in the Norwegian Sea

One of the most promising trends in geophysical exploration today is the integration of 3D<br>seismic and controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveys. The combination of these<br>data sets offers explorationists a powerful tool for risk reduction. Seismic data provides the<br>detailed depth and structure information, while CSEM provides electrical resistivity for fluid<br>discrimination. The combination of the two can greatly improve our ability to invert for<br>porosity, lithology, and hydrocarbon saturation. However, the key to inversion is forward<br>modeling. In this paper we will show how well logs and rock physics can be used to provide<br>the input for modeling both seismic amplitude versus offset (AVO) and CSEM radial<br>amplitude versus source-receiver spacing.