Challenges and Solutions in Wide Azimuth Seismic Data Processing and Imaging for Geologically Complex Areas

Over the last years, wide azimuth (WAZ) seismic data collection techniques have shown to provide improved seismic resolution and subsurface illumination than conventional narrow azimuth (NAZ) surveys. However, WAZ geometries pose processing challenges. Proper WAZ compliant pre-processing is required to prepare the 3D seismic data for depth velocity model building and migration in order to produce useful seismic depth images for structural interpretation and prospect generation. WAZ 3D tomography should be used to provide accurate velocity models accounting for velocity anisotropy. The estimation of anisotropic parameters is vital to tie the wells and it is still a challenge and the subject for significant research efforts. During the model building stage, WAZ Beam PSDM (prestack depth migration) is preferred; it is efficient and accurate. Implemented in an interactive environment, anisotropic depth models can be delivered in a short time allowing the interpreter to have more time for the geologic interpretation. After several iterations, WAZ compliant hi-end imaging algorithms, such as anisotropic prestack one-way wave equation migration or reverse time migration are employed to produce the final seismic image. In this presentation, we will review and illustrate challenges and solutions in WAZ seismic processing and imaging using data sets from complex geology areas.