Lithospheric folding and sedimentary basin evolution: a review and analysis of formation mechanisms

References

1. Alinaghi, A., Koulakov, I. & Thybo, H. (2007) Seismic tomographic imaging of P‐ and S‐waves velocity perturbations in the upper mantle beneath Iran. Geophys. J. Int., 169, 1089–1102.
   [Google Scholar]
2. Allen, M.B. & Davies, C.E. (2007) Unstable Asia: active deformation of Siberia revealed by drainage shifts. Basin Res., 19, 379–392.
   [Google Scholar]
3. Alzaga‐Ruiz, H., Granjeon, D., Lopez, M., Seranne, M. & Roure, F. (2008) Gravitational collapse and Neogene sediment transfer across the western margin of the Gulf of Mexico: insights from numerical models. Tectonophysics, 470, 21–41.
   [Google Scholar]
4. Artyushkov, E.V. (2007) Formation of the superdeep Caspian Basin: subsidence driven by phase change in continental crust. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 48, 1102–1014.
   [Google Scholar]
5. Avouac, J. & Burov, E. (1996) Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17747–17769.
   [Google Scholar]
6. Axen, G.J., Lam, P.J., Grove, M., Stockli, D.F. & Hassanzadeh, J. (2001) Exhumation of the west‐central Alborz Mountains, Iran, Caspian subsidence, and collision‐related tectonics. Geology, 29, 559–562.
   [Google Scholar]
7. Bada, G., Horváth, F., Cloetingh, S., Coblentz, D.D. & Tóth, T. (2001) The role of topography induced gravitational stresses in basin inversion: the case study of the Pannonian basin. Tectonics, 20, 343–363.
   [Google Scholar]
8. Bada, G., Horváth, F., Dövényi, P., Szafián, P., Windhoffer, G. & Cloetingh, S. (2007) Present‐day stress field and tectonic inversion in the Pannonian basin. Global Planet. Change, 58, 165–180.
   [Google Scholar]
9. Beaumont, C. (1981) Foreland basins. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 65, 291–329.
   [Google Scholar]
10. K.R.McClay
    Beaumont, C., Fullsack, P. & Hamilton, J. (1992) Erosional control of active compressional orogens. In: Thrust Tectonics (Ed. by K.R.McClay ), pp. 1–18. Chapman & Hall, London.
    [Google Scholar]
11. P.Buchanan
    Beekman, F., Bull, J., Cloetingh, S. & Scrutton, R. (1996) Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the Central Indian Ocean. In: Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation Validation and Modeling (Ed. by P.Buchanan & D.A.Nieuwland ), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ ., 99, 251–263.
    [Google Scholar]
12. Beekman, F., Stephenson, R.A. & Korsch, R.J. (1997) Mechanical stability of the Redbank Thrust Zone, Central Australia: dynamic and rheological implications. Austral. J. Earth Sci., 44, 215–226.
    [Google Scholar]
13. Bercovici, D., Ricard, Y. & Schubert, G. (2001) A two‐phase model for compaction and damage 3. Applications to shear localization and plate boundary formation. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8925–8939.
    [Google Scholar]
14. Biot, M.A. (1961) Theory of folding of stratified viscoelastic media and its implications in tectonics and orogenesis. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72, 1595–1620.
    [Google Scholar]
15. Bird, P. (1991) Lateral extrusion of lower crust from under high topography in the isostatic limit. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10275–10286.
    [Google Scholar]
16. Bonnet, S., Guillocheau, F., Brun, J‐P. & Van den Driessche, J. (2000) Large‐scale relief development related to quaternary tectonic uplift of a Proterozoic‐Paleozoic basement: the Armorican Massif, NW France. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 19273–19288.
    [Google Scholar]
17. Bourgeois, O., Ford, M., Diraison, M., Le Carlier de Veslud, C., Gerbault, M., Pik, R., Ruby, N. & Bonnet, S. (2007) Separation of rifting and lithospheric folding signatures in the NW‐Alpine foreland. Int. J. Earth Sci., 96, 1003–1031.
    [Google Scholar]
18. Brunet, M.‐F., Korotaev, M.V., Ershov, A.V. & Nikishin, A.M. (2003) The South Caspian basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling. Sediment. Geol., 156, 119–148.
    [Google Scholar]
19. Bull, J.M. & Scrutton, R.A. (1992) Seismic reflection images of intraplate deformation, central Indian Ocean, and their tectonic significance. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 149, 955–966.
    [Google Scholar]
20. Burg, J.P., Davy, P. & Martinod, J. (1994) Shortening of analogue models of the continental lithosphere: new hypothesis for the formation of the Tibetan plateau. Tectonics, 13, 475–483.
    [Google Scholar]
21. Burg, J.P. & Podladchikov, Y. (1999) Lithosphere scale folding: numerical modelling and application to the Himalayan syntaxes. Int. J. Earth. Sci., 88, 190–200.
    [Google Scholar]
22. Burov, E., Guillou‐Frottier, L., d'Acremont, E., le Pourhiet, L. & Cloetingh, S. (2007) Plume head–lithosphere interactions near intra‐continental plate boundaries. Tectonophysics, 434, 15–38.
    [Google Scholar]
23. Burov, E.B. & Cloetingh, S. (1997) Erosion and rift dynamics: new thermo-mechanical aspects of post-rift evolution of extensional basins. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 7–26.
    [Google Scholar]
24. Burov, E.B. & Cloetingh, S. (2009) Controls of mantle plumes and lithospheric folding on modes of intra‐plate continental tectonics: differences and similarities. Geophys. J. Int., 178, 1691–1722.
    [Google Scholar]
25. Burov, E.B., Jolivet, L., le Pourhiet, L. & Poliakov, A. (2001) A thermemechanical model of exhumation of HP and UHP methamorphic rocks in Alpine mountain belts. Tectonophysics, 342, 113–136.
    [Google Scholar]
26. Burov, E.B. & Molnar, P. (1998) Gravity anomalies over the Ferghana Valley (Central Asia) and intracontinental deformation. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18137–18152.
    [Google Scholar]
27. Burov, E.B., Nikishin, A.M., Cloetingh, S. & Lobkovsky, L.I. (1993) Continental lithosphere folding in central Asia (Part II): constraints from gravity and tectonic modelling. Tectonophysics, 226, 73–87.
    [Google Scholar]
28. Burov, E.B. & Poliakov, A. (2001) Erosion and rheology controls on syn‐ and post‐rift evolution: verifying old and new ideas using a fully coupled numerical model. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16461–16481.
    [Google Scholar]
29. Burov, E. & Toussaint, G. (2007) Surface processes and tectonics: forcing of continental subduction and deep processes. Global Planet. Change, 58, 141–164.
    [Google Scholar]
30. Byerlee, J.D. (1978) Friction of rocks. Pure Appl. Geophys., 116, 615–626.
    [Google Scholar]
31. Calvo, J.P., Daams, R., Morales, J., López Martínez, N., Agustí, J., Anadón, P., Armenteros, I., Cabrera, L., Civis, J., Corrochano, A., Díaz Molina, M., Elizaga, E., Hoios, M., Martín, E., Martínez, J., Moissenet, E., Muñoz, A., Perez García, A., Pérez González, A., Portero, J.M., Robles, F., Santisteban, C., Torres, T., Van der Meulen, A.J., Vera, J.A. & Mein, P. (1993) Up‐to‐date Spanish continental Neogene synthesis and paleoclimatic interpretation. Rev. Soc. Geol. España, 6, 29–40.
    [Google Scholar]
32. Carter, N.L. & Tsenn, M.C. (1987) Flow properties of continental lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 136, 27–63.
    [Google Scholar]
33. Casas‐Sainz, A.M & de Vicente, G. (2009) On the tectonic origin of Iberian topography. Tectonophysics, 474, 214–235.
    [Google Scholar]
34. Chu, D. & Gordon, R.G. (1998) Current plate motions across the Red Sea. Geophys. J. Int., 135, 313–328.
    [Google Scholar]
35. K.L.Kleinspehn
    Cloetingh, S. (1988) Intraplate stresses: a new element in basin analysis. In: New Perspectives in Basin Analysis (Ed. by K.L.Kleinspehn & C.Poala ), pp. 205–230. Springer‐Verlag, New York.
    [Google Scholar]
36. H.Johnson
    Cloetingh, S., Beekman, F., Van Wees, J.D., Ziegler, P.A. & Sokoutis, D. (2008) Post‐rift compressional reactivation potential of passive margins and extensional basins. In: Compressional Deformation within Passive Margins: Nature, Causes and Effects (Ed. by H.Johnson , et al.) Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ . 306, 27–70.
    [Google Scholar]
37. Cloetingh, S., Beek van Der, P.A., Rees Van, D., Roep, TH.B., Biermann, C. & Stephenson, R.A. (1992) Flexural interaction and the dynamics of Neogene extensional basin formation in the Alboran‐Betic region. Geo-Mar. Lett., 12, 66–75.
    [Google Scholar]
38. Cloetingh, S., Bada, G., Matenco, L., Lankreijer, A., Horváth, F. & Dinu, C. (2006) Modes of basin (de)formation, lithospheric strength and vertical motions in the Pannonian‐Carpathian system: inferences from thermomechanical modelling. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 32, 207–221.
    [Google Scholar]
39. Cloetingh, S. & Burov, E. (1996) Thermomechanical structure of European continental lithosphere: constraints from rheological profiles and EET estimates. Geophys. J. Int., 124, 695–723.
    [Google Scholar]
40. Cloetingh, S., Burov, E., Beekman, F., Andeweg, B., Andriessen, P., Garcia‐Castellanos, D., de Vicente, G. & Vegas, R. (2002) Lithospheric folding in Iberia. Tectonics, 21, 5, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2001TC901031.
    [Google Scholar]
41. Cloetingh, S., Burov, E., Matenco, L., Toussaint, G., Bertotti, G., Andriessen, P.A.M., Wortel, M.J.R. & Spakman, W. (2004) Thermo‐mechanical controls on the mode of continental collision in the SE Carpathians (Romania). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 218, 57–76.
    [Google Scholar]
42. Cloetingh, S., Burov, E. & Poliakov, A. (1999) Lithosphere folding: primary response to compression? (from Central Asia to Paris Basin). Tectonics, 18, 1064–1083.
    [Google Scholar]
43. Cloetingh, S. & van Wees, J‐D. (2005) Strength reversal in Europe's intraplate lithosphere: transition of basin inversion to lithospheric folding. Geology, 33, 285–288.
    [Google Scholar]
44. A.B.Watts
    Cloetingh, S. & Ziegler, P.A. (2007) Tectonic models for the evolution of sedimentary basins. In: Treatise on Geophysics, Vol. 6 (Ed. by A.B.Watts ), pp. 486–611. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Cloetingh, S., Ziegler, P.A., Beekman, F., Andriessen, P.A.M., Matenco, L., Bada, G., Garcia‐Castellanos, D., Hardebol, N., Dèzes, P. & Sokoutis, D. (2005) Lithospheric memory, state of stress and rheology: neotectonic controls on Europe's intraplate continental topography. Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 241–304.
    [Google Scholar]
46. Cobbold, P.R., Davy, P., Gapais, E.A., Rossello, E.A., Sadybasakov, E., Thomas, J.C., Tondji Biyo, J.J. & De Urreiztieta, M. (1993) Sedimentary basins and crustal thickening. Sediment. Geol., 86, 77–89.
    [Google Scholar]
47. Corti, G., Van Wijk, J., Bonini, M., Sokoutis, D., Cloetingh, S., Innocenti, F. & Manneti, P. (2003) Transition from continental break‐up to seafloor spreading: how fast, symmetric and magmatic. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 12, doi: DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017374.
    [Google Scholar]
48. Cross, T.A. (Ed.) (1989) Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. pp. 127–148.
    [Google Scholar]
49. Cundall, P.A. (1989) Numerical experiments on localization in frictional materials. Ing. Arch., 59, 148–159.
    [Google Scholar]
50. Decelles, P.G. & Giles, K.A. (1996) Foreland basin systems. Basin Res., 8, 105–123.
    [Google Scholar]
51. Desegaulx, P., Kooi, H. & Cloetingh, S. (1991) Consequences of foreland basin development on thinned continental lithosphere: application to the Aquitaine basin (SW France). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 106, 116–132.
    [Google Scholar]
52. De Bruijne, C.H. & Andriessen, P.A.M. (2002) Far field effects of Alpine plate tectonism in the Iberian microplate recorded by fault‐related denudation in the Spanish Central System. Tectonophysics, 349, 161–184.
    [Google Scholar]
53. De Vicente, G., Cloetingh, S., Muñoz‐Martín, A., Olaiz, A., Stich, D., Vegas, R., Galindo‐Zaldívar, J. & Fernández‐Lozano, J. (2008) Inversion of moment tensor focal mechanisms for active stresses around the Microcontinent Iberia: tectonic implications. Tectonics, 27, TC1009.
    [Google Scholar]
54. De Vicente, G. & Vegas, R. (2009) Large‐scale distributed deformation controlled topography along the western Africa–Eurasia limit: tectonic constraints. Tectonophysics, 474, 124–143.
    [Google Scholar]
55. De Vicente, G., Vegas, R., Muñoz Martín, A., Silva, P.G., Andriessen, P., Cloetingh, S., Gonzáles Casado, J.M., Wees van, J‐D., Alvarez, J., Carbó, A. & Olaiz, A. (2007) Cenozoic thick‐skinned deformation and topography evolution of the Spanish Central System. Global Planet. Change, 58, 335–381.
    [Google Scholar]
56. Devlin, W.J., Cogswellll, J.M., Gaskins, G.M., Isaksen, G.H., Pitcher, D.M., Pius, D.P., Stanley, K.O. & Wall, J.R.T. (1999) South Caspian basin: young, cool, and full of promise. GSA Today, 9, 1–9.
    [Google Scholar]
57. Dèzes, P., Schmid, S.M. & Ziegler, P.A. (2004) Evolution of the European Cenozoic Rift System: interaction of the Alpine and Pyrenean orogens with their foreland lithosphere. Tectonophysics, 389, 1–33.
    [Google Scholar]
58. Dombradi, E., Sokoutis, D., Bada, G., Cloetingh, S. & Horvath, F. (2010) Modelling of recent deformation of the Pannoanian lithosphere: lithospheric folding and tectonic topography. Tectonophysics, 484, 103–118.
    [Google Scholar]
59. Egan, S.S., Mosar, J., Brunet, M.‐F. & Kangarli, T. (2009) Subsidence and uplift mechanisms within the South Caspian Basin: insights from the onshore and offshore Azerbaijan region. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 312, 219–240.
    [Google Scholar]
60. Elfrink, N.M. (2001) Quaternary groundwater avulsions: evidence for large-scale midcontinent folding? Assoc. Environ. Eng. Geol. News, 44, 60.
    [Google Scholar]
61. Fakhari, M.D., Axen, G.J., Horton, B.K., Hassanzadeh, J. & Amini, A. (2008) Revised age of proximal deposits in the Zagros foreland basin and implications for Cenozoic evolution of the High Zagros. Tectonophysics, 451, 170–185.
    [Google Scholar]
62. Fernandez‐Lozano, J., Sokoutis, D., Willingshofer, E., Cloetingh, S., & De Vicente, G. (2010) Cenozoic deformation of Iberia: a model for intraplate mountain building and basin development based on analogue modelling. Tectonics, in press.
63. Garcia‐Castellanos, D., Fernandez, M. & Torne, M. (1997) Numerical modelling of foreland basin formation: a program relating thrusting, flexure, sediment geometry and lithosphere rheology. Comp. Geosci., 23, 993–1003.
    [Google Scholar]
64. Garcia‐Castellanos, D., Verges, J., Gaspar‐Escribano, J. & Cloetingh, S. (2003) Interplay between the tectonics, climate, and fluvial transport during the Cenozoic evolution of the Ebro Basin (NE Iberia). J. Geophys. Res., 108, 2347.
    [Google Scholar]
65. Geller, C.A., Weissel, J.K. & Anderson, R.N. (1983) Heat transfer and intraplate deformation in the central Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1018–1032.
    [Google Scholar]
66. Gerbault, M. (2000) At what stress level is the central Indian Ocean lithosphere buckling?Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 178, 165–181.
    [Google Scholar]
67. Gerbault, M., Burov, E., Poliakov, A.N.B. & Daignieres, M. (1998) Do faults trigger folding in the lithosphere?Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 271–274.
    [Google Scholar]
68. Goetze, C. & Evans, B. (1979) Stress and temperature in the bending lithosphere as constrained by experimental rock mechanics. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 59, 463–478.
    [Google Scholar]
69. Gossman, H. (1976) Slope modelling with changing boundary conditions – effects of climate and lithology. Z. Geomorphol. Suppl., 25, 72–88.
    [Google Scholar]
70. Granjeon, D. (2009) 3D stratigraphic modelling of sedimentary basins, from source to sink. AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition, June 7–10, 2009, Denver, CO.
71. Grenerczy, Y., Sella, G.F., Stein, S. & Kenyeres, A. (2005) Tectonic implications of the GPS velocity field in the northern Adriatic region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L16311.
    [Google Scholar]
72. Guest, B., Guest, A. & Axen, G. (2007) Late Tertiary tectonic evolution of northern Iran: a case for simple crustal folding. Global Planet. Change, 58, 435–453.
    [Google Scholar]
73. Guillocheau, F., Robin, C., Allemand, P., Bourqui, S. & Brault, N. (2000) Meso‐Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Paris Basin: 3D stratigraphic constraints. Geodin. Acta, 13, 189–246.
    [Google Scholar]
74. Guillou‐Frottier, L., Burov, E., Nehlig, P. & Wyns, R. (2007) Deciphering plume–lithosphere interactions beneath Europe from topographic signatures. Global Planet. Change, 58, 119–140.
    [Google Scholar]
75. Hafkenscheid, E., Wortel, M.J.R. & Spakman, W. (2006) Subduction history of the Tethyan region derived from seismic tomography and tectonic reconstructions. J. Geophys. Res., 111, B08401.
    [Google Scholar]
76. Horváth, F. (1995) Phases of compression during the evolution of the Pannonian Basin and its bearing on hydrocarbon exploration. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 12, 837–844.
    [Google Scholar]
77. Horváth, F., Bada, G., Szafián, P., Tari, G., Ádám, A. & Cloetingh, S. (2006) Formation and deformation of the Pannonian basin: constraints from observational data. Geol. Soc. Lond. Mem., 32, 191–206.
    [Google Scholar]
78. Horváth, F. & Cloetingh, S. (1996) Stress‐induced late‐stage subsidence anomalies in the Pannonian basin. Tectonophysics, 266, 287–300.
    [Google Scholar]
79. Huismans, R.S. & Beaumont, C.B. (2002) Asymmetric lithospheric extension: the role of frictional plastic strain softening inferred from numerical experiments. Geology, 30, 211–214.
    [Google Scholar]
80. Hunt, G., Muhlhaus, H., Hobbs, B. & Ord, A. (1996) Localized folding of viscoelastic layers. Geol. Rundsch., 85, 58–64.
    [Google Scholar]
81. Kaban, M.K. (2002) A gravity model of the north Eurasia crust and upper mantle: 2. The Alpine-Mediterranean fold belt and adjacent structures of the southern former USSR. Russ. J. Earth. Sci., 4, 19–33.
    [Google Scholar]
82. Kirby, S.H. & Kronenberg, A.K. (1987) Rheology of the lithosphere: selected topics. Rev. Geophys., 25, 1219–1244.
    [Google Scholar]
83. A.D.Abrahams
    Kirkby, M.J. (1986) A two‐dimensional model for slope and stream evolution. In: Hillslope Processes (Ed. by A.D.Abrahams ), pp. 203–224. Allen and Unwin, Boston.
    [Google Scholar]
84. Kohlstedt, D.L., Evans, B. & Mackwell, S.J. (1995) Strength of the lithosphere: constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 17587–17602.
    [Google Scholar]
85. Kombrink, H., Leever, K.A., Van Wees, J‐D., Van Bergen, F., David, P. & Wong, T.E. (2008) Late Carboniferous foreland basin formation and Early Carboniferous stretching in Northwestern Europe: inferences from quantitative subsidence analyses in the Netherlands. Basin Res., 20, 377–395.
    [Google Scholar]
86. Kooi, H. & Beaumont, C. (1994) Escarpment evolution on high‐elevation rifted margins: insights derived from a surface processes model that combines diffusion, advection and reaction. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12191–12210.
    [Google Scholar]
87. Lagarde, J.L., Baize, S., Amorese, D., Delccaillau, B., Fort, M. & Volant, V. (2000) Active tectonics, seismicity and geomorphology with special reference to Normandy (France). J. Quat. Sci., 15, 745–758.
    [Google Scholar]
88. Lambeck, K. (1983) The role of compressive forces in intracratonic basin formation and mid‐plate orogenies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 845–848.
    [Google Scholar]
89. Lavier, L.L. & Steckler, M.S. (1997) The effect of sedimentary cover on the flexural strength of the continental lithosphere. Nature, 389, 476–479.
    [Google Scholar]
90. Lawrence, D.T., Doyle, M. & Aigner, T. (1990) Stratigraphic simulation of sedimentary basins: concepts and calibration. AAPG Bull., 74, 273–295.
    [Google Scholar]
91. Leeder, M.R. (1991) Denudation, vertical crustal movements and sedimentary basin infill. Geol. Rundsch., 80, 441–458.
    [Google Scholar]
92. Lefort, J‐P. & Agarwal, B.N. (1996) Gravity evidence for an Alpine buckling of the crust beneath the Paris Basin. Tectonophysics, 258, 1–14.
    [Google Scholar]
93. Lefort, J.P. & Agarwal, B.N. (2000) Gravity and geomorphological evidence for a large crustal bulge cutting across Brittany (France): a tectonic response to the closure of the Bay of Biscay. Tectonophysics, 323, 149–162.
    [Google Scholar]
94. Lefort, J.P. & Agarwal, B.N. (2002) Topography of the Moho undulations in France from gravity data: their age and origin. Tectonophysics, 350, 193–213.
    [Google Scholar]
95. M.W.Leighton
    Leighton, M.W. & Kolata, D.R. (1990) Selected interior cratonic basins and their place in the scheme of global tectonics: a synthesis. In: Interior Cratonic Basins (Ed. by M.W.Leighton , D.R.Kolata , D.F.Oltz & J.J.Eidel ). AAPG Memoir , 51, 729–797.
    [Google Scholar]
96. Lenotre, N., Thierry, P., Blanchin, R. & Brochard, G. (1999) Current vertical movement demonstrated by comparative levelling in Brittany (France). Tectonophysics, 301, 333–344.
    [Google Scholar]
97. Le Solleuz, A., Doin, M.‐P., Robin, C. & Guillocheau, F. (2004) From a mountain belt collapse to a sedimentary basin development: 2-D thermal model based on inversion of stratigraphic data in the Paris Basin. Tectonophysics, 386, 1–27.
    [Google Scholar]
98. Li, S., Mooney, W.D. & Fan, J. (2006) Crustal structure of mainland China from deep seismic sounding data. Tectonophysics, 420, 239–252.
    [Google Scholar]
99. Littke, R., Bayer, U., Gajewski, D. & Nelskamp, S. (2008) Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins. Springer, Berlin.
    [Google Scholar]
100. Liu, M., Mooney, W.D., Li, S., Okaya, N. & Detweiler, S. (2006) Crustal structure of the northeast margin of the Tibetan plateau from the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane to the Ordos basin. Tectonophysics, 420, 253–266.
     [Google Scholar]
101. Liu, Y., Neubauer, F., Genser, J., Ge, X., Takasu, A., Yuan, S., Chang, L. & Li, W. (2007) Geochronology of the initiation and displacement of the Altyn strike‐slip fault, western China. J. Asian Earth Sci., 29, 243–252.
     [Google Scholar]
102. Lundin, E.R. & Doré, A.G. (1997) A tectonic model for the Norwegian passive margin with implications for the NE Atlantic: early Cretaceous to break-up. J. Geol. Soc., 154, 545–550.
     [Google Scholar]
103. Marotta, A.M., Bayer, U. & Thybo, H. (2000) The legacy of the NE German Basin – reactivation by compressional buckling. Terra Nova, 12, 132–14.
     [Google Scholar]
104. Martinod, J. & Davy, P. (1992) Periodic instabilities during compression or extension of the lithosphere: 1. Deformation modes from an analytical perturbation method. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1999–2014.
     [Google Scholar]
105. Martinod, J. & Davy, P. (1994) Periodic instabilities during compression of the lithosphere: 2. Analogue experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12057–12069.
     [Google Scholar]
106. Matenco, L., Bertotti, G., Leever, K., Cloetingh, S., Schmid, S., Tǎrǎpoancǎ, M. & Dinu, C.2007Large‐scale deformation in a locked collisional boundary: interplay between subsidence and uplift, intraplate stress, and inherited lithospheric structure in the late stage of the SE Carpathians evolution. Tectonics, 26, TC4011.
     [Google Scholar]
107. Mazur, S., Scheck‐Wenderoth, M. & Krzywiec, P. (2005) Different modes of the Late Cretaceous – early tertiary inversion in the North German and Polish basins. Int. J. Earth Sci., 94, 782–798.
     [Google Scholar]
108. McAdoo, D.C. & Sandwell, D.T. (1985) Folding of the oceanic lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8563–8569.
     [Google Scholar]
109. Mckenzie, D.P. (1978) Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 95, 53–72.
     [Google Scholar]
110. Muehlhaus, H.B., Sahaguchi, H. & Hobbs, B.E. (1998) Evolution of three‐dimensional folds for a non Newtonian plate in a viscous medium. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser A, Math. Phys. NG. Sci., 454, 3121–3143.
     [Google Scholar]
111. Nadirov, R.S., Bagirov, E., Tagiyev, M. & Lerche, I. (1997) Flexural plate subsidence, sedimentation rates and structural development of the super‐deep south Caspian Basin. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 14, 383–400.
     [Google Scholar]
112. Naylor, M. & Sinclair, H.D. (2007) Punctuated thrust deformation in the context of doubly vergent thrust wedges: implications for the localization of uplift and exhumation. Geology, 35, 559–562.
     [Google Scholar]
113. Naylor, M. & Sinclair, H.D. (2008) Pro‐ vs. retro foreland basins. Basin Res., 20, 1365–2117.
     [Google Scholar]
114. Necea, D., Fielitz, W. & Matenco, L. (2005) Late Pliocene‐quaternary tectonics in the frontal part of the SE Carpathians: insights from tectonic geomorphology. Tectonophysics, 410, 137–156.
     [Google Scholar]
115. Nikishin, A.M., Brunet, M.F., Cloetingh, S. & Ershov, A.V. (1997) Northern Peri‐Tethyan Cenozoic intraplate deformations: influence of the Tethyan collision belt on the Eurasian continent from Paris to Tian-Shan. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. IIa: Sci. Terre Planets, 234, 49–57.
     [Google Scholar]
116. Nikishin, A.M., Cloetingh, S., Lobkovsky, L. & Burov, E.B. (1993) Continental lithosphere folding in Central Asia (Part I): constraints from geological observations. Tectonophysics, 226, 59–72.
     [Google Scholar]
117. Nikishin, A.M., Korotaev, M.V., Ershov, A.V. & Brunet, M.F. (2003) The Black Sea Basin: tectonic history and Neogene-Quaternary rapid subsidence modelling. Sediment. Geol., 156, 149–168.
     [Google Scholar]
118. Perez‐Gussinye, M. & Watts, A.B. (2005) The long‐term strength of Europe and its implications for plate‐forming processes. Nature, 436, 381–384.
     [Google Scholar]
119. D.J.Stanlay
     Pitman, W.C. & Golovchenko, X. (1983) The effect of sea‐level change on the shelf edge and slope of passive margin. In: The Shelf Break: Critical Interface on Continental Margins (Ed. by D.J.Stanlay & G.T.Moore ), SEPM Spec. Publ ., 33, 41–58.
     [Google Scholar]
120. Quinlan, G. (1987) Models of subsidence mechanisms in intracratonic basins and their applicability to North American examples. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol. Mem., 12, 463–481.
     [Google Scholar]
121. Quinlan, G. & Beaumont, C. (1984) Appalachian thrusting, lithospheric flexure and the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the eastern interior of North America. Can. J. Earth Sci., 21, 973–996.
     [Google Scholar]
122. Ramberg, H. (1961) Contact strain and folding instability of multilayered body under compression. Geol. Rundsch., 51, 405–439.
     [Google Scholar]
123. Ranalli, G. (1995) Rheology of the Earth, 2nd edn. Chapman & Hall, London.
     [Google Scholar]
124. Ritter, J.R.R., Jordan, M., Christensen, U.R. & Achauer, U. (2001) A mantle plume under the Eifel volcanics fields, Germany. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 186, 7–14.
     [Google Scholar]
125. Ritzmann, O. & Faleide, J.I. (2009) The crust and mantle lithosphere in the Barents Sea/Kara Sea region. Tectonophysics, 470, 89–104.
     [Google Scholar]
126. P.Buchanan
     Robin, C., Allemand, P., Burov, E., Doin, M.P., Guillocheau, F., Dromart, G. & Garcia, J.P. (2003) Vertical movements of the Paris Basin (Triassic–Pleistocene): from 3D stratigraphic database to numerical models. In: New Insights in Structural Interpretation and Modelling (Ed. by P.Buchanan & D.A.Nieuwland ), Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ ., 212, 225–250.
     [Google Scholar]
127. S.Cloetingh
     Roure, F., Cloetingh, S., Scheck‐Wenderoth, M. & Ziegler, P.A. (2010) Achievements and challenges in sedimentary basin dynamics: a review. In: New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences (Ed. by S.Cloetingh & J.Negendank ), pp. 145–233. Springer‐Verlag, Berlin.
     [Google Scholar]
128. Royden, L. (1988) Flexural behaviour of the continental lithosphere in Italy: constraints imposed by gravity and deflection data. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7747–7766.
     [Google Scholar]
129. Royden, L.H. (1993) The tectonic expression of the slab pull at continental convergent boundaries. Tectonics, 12, 303–325.
     [Google Scholar]
130. Sacchi, M., Horvath, F. & Magyari, O. (1999) Role of unconformity bounded units in the stratigraphy of the continental record: a casestudy from the Late Miocene of the western Pannonian basin, Hungary. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 156, 357–390.
     [Google Scholar]
131. Scheck, M. & Bayer, U. (1999) Evolution of the Northeast German Basin – inferences of a 3D structural model and subsidence analysis. Tectonophysics, 373, 55–73.
     [Google Scholar]
132. Schmalholtz, S.M. & Podladchikov, Y.Y. (2000) Finite amplitude folding: transition from exponential to taper length controlled growth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 181, 619–633.
     [Google Scholar]
133. Schubert, G., Turcotte, D.L. & Olson, P. (2001) Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
     [Google Scholar]
134. Shin, Y.H., Shum, C.‐K., Braitenberg, C., Lee, S.M., Xu, H., Choi, K.S., Baek, J.H. & Park, J.U. (2009) Three‐dimensional fold structure of the Tibetan Moho from GRACE gravity data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L01302.
     [Google Scholar]
135. Smit, J., Brun, J.P., Cloetingh, S. & Ben‐Avraham, Z. (2008) Pull‐apart basin formation and development in narrow transform zones with application to the Dead Sea Basin. Tectonics, 27, TC6018.
     [Google Scholar]
136. Smit, J., Brun, J.P., Cloetingh, S. & Ben‐Avraham, Z. (2010) The rift‐like structure and asymmetry of the Dead Sea Fault. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 290, 74–82.
     [Google Scholar]
137. Smith, R.B. (1979) The folding of a strongly non‐Newtonian layer. Am. J. Sci., 79, 272–287.
     [Google Scholar]
138. Sokoutis, D., Burg, J.P., Bonini, M., Corti, G. & Cloetingh, S. (2005) Lithospheric‐scale structures from the perspective of analogue continental collision. Tectonophysics, 406, 1–15.
     [Google Scholar]
139. Solomatov, V.S. & Moresi, L.N. (2000) Scaling of time‐dependent stagnant lid convection; application to small‐scale convection on Earth and other terrestrial planets. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 21795–21817.
     [Google Scholar]
140. Stein, C.A., Cloetingh, S. & Wortel, R. (1989) Seasat‐derived gravity constraints on stress and deformation in the northeastern Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 823–826.
     [Google Scholar]
141. Stel, H., Cloetingh, S., Heeremans, M. & Van der Beek, P.A. (1993) The kinematics of anorogenic basement tectonics and the origin of sedimentary basins. Tectonophysics, 226, 285–299.
     [Google Scholar]
142. Stephenson, R. & Lambeck, K. (1985) Isostatic response of the lithosphere with in‐plane stress: application to Central Australia. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8581–8588.
     [Google Scholar]
143. Stephenson, R.S. & Cloetingh, S. (1991) Some examples and mechanical aspects of continental lithospheric folding. Tectonophysics, 188, 27–37.
     [Google Scholar]
144. Stephenson, R.S., Ricketts, B.D., Cloetingh, S. & Beekman, F. (1990) Lithosphere folds in the Eurekan orogen, Arctic Canada?Geology, 18, 603–606.
     [Google Scholar]
145. Tarapoanca, M., Bertotti, G., Matenco, L., Dinu, C. & Cloetingh, S. (2003) Architecture of the Focsani depression: a 13 km deep basin in the Carpathians bend zone (Romania). Tectonics, 22, 1074.
     [Google Scholar]
146. Ter Voorde, M., de Bruijne, C.H., Cloetingh, S.A.P.L. & Andriessen, P.A.M. (2004) Thermal consequences of thrust faulting: simultaneous versus successive fault activation and exhumation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 223, 395–413.
     [Google Scholar]
147. Tesauro, M., Hollenstein, C., Egli, R., Geiger, A. & Kahle, H.‐G. (2005) Continuous GPS and broad‐scale deformation across the Rhine Graben and the Alps. Int. J. Earth. Sci., 94, 525–537.
     [Google Scholar]
148. Tesauro, M., Kaban, M., Cloetingh, S., Hardebol, N. & Beekman, F. (2007) 3D strength and gravity anomalies of the European lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 263, 56–73.
     [Google Scholar]
149. Thomas, J.C., Cobbold, P.R., Shein, V.S. & Le Douaran, S. (1999a) Sedimentary record of late Paleozoic to recent tectonism in central Asia ‐ analysis of subsurface data from the Turan and south Kazak domains. Tectonophysics, 313, 243–263.
     [Google Scholar]
150. Thomas, J.C., Grasso, J.R., Bossu, R., Martinod, J. & Nurtaev, B. (1999b) Recent deformation in the Turan and South Kazakh platforms, western central Asia, and its relation to Arabia–Asia and India–Asia collisions. Tectonics, 18, 201–214.
     [Google Scholar]
151. Tikoff, B. & Maxson, J. (2001) Lithospheric buckling of the Laramide foreland during Late Cretaceous and Paleogene, western United States. Rocky Mt. Geol., 36, 13–35.
     [Google Scholar]
152. Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G. (2002) Geodynamics, Applications of Continuum Physics to Geological Problems, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
     [Google Scholar]
153. Van Balen, R.T., Van Der Beek, P.A. & Cloetingh, S. (1995) The effect of rift shoulder erosion on stratal patterns at passive margins: implications for sequence stratigraphy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 134, 527–544.
     [Google Scholar]
154. Van Der Beek, P., Andriessen, P.A.M. & Cloetingh, S. (1995) Morphotectonic evolution of rifted continental margins: inferences from a coupled tectonic-surface processes model and fission track thermochronology. Tectonics, 14, 406–421.
     [Google Scholar]
155. Van Der Pluijm, B., Craddock, J.P., Graham, B.R. & Harris, J.H. (1997) Paleostress in cratonic North America: implications for deformation of continental interiors. Science, 277, 794–796.
     [Google Scholar]
156. Van Wees, J‐D. & Cloetingh, S. (1996) 3D flexure and intraplate compression in the North Sea basin. Tectonophysics, 266, 343–359.
     [Google Scholar]
157. Van Wees, J.D., Van Bergen, F., David, P., Nepveu, M., Beekman, F. & Cloetingh, S. (2009) Probabilistic Tectonic heat flow modelling for basin maturation: method and applications. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 26, 536–551.
     [Google Scholar]
158. Verges, J. (1999) Estudi Geologic Del Vessant Sud Del Pirineu Oriental I Central. Evolució cinemàtica en 3D. Collecció Monografies tècniques, 7, Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, Barcelona, 194 pp.
159. Vermeesch, P., Poort, J., Duchkov, A.D., Klerkx, J. & De Batist, M. (2004) Lake Issyk‐Kul (Tien Shan): unusually low heat flow in an active intramountane basin. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 45, 616–625.
     [Google Scholar]
160. Vernant, P., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M.R., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H., Martinod, J., Ashtiani, A., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F. & Chery, J. (2004) Present‐day crustal deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophys. J. Int., 157, 381–398.
     [Google Scholar]
161. Watts, A.B. & Burov, E.B. (2003) Lithospheric strength and its relationship to the elastic and seismogenic layer thickness. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett., 213, 113–131.
     [Google Scholar]
162. Weinberg, R.F. & Podladchikov, Y. (1994) Diapiric ascent of magmas through power law crust and mantle. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 9543–9559.
     [Google Scholar]
163. Wilgus, C.K., Hastings, B.S., Kendall, C.G.St.C., Pasamentier, H.W., Ross, C.A. & Van Wagoner, J.C. (1988) Sea‐level changes – an integrated approach. Spec. Pub. Soc. Econ. Pal. Min., 42, 402 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
164. Wortel, M.J.R. & Spakman, W. (2000) Subduction and slab detachment in the Mediterranean Carpathian region. Science, 290, 1910–1917.
     [Google Scholar]
165. Xie, X. & Heller, P.L. (2009) Plate tectonics and basin subsidence history. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 121, 55–64.
     [Google Scholar]
166. Zhao, J., Mooney, W.D, Zhang, X., Li, Z., Jin, Z. & Okaya, N. (2006) Crustal structure across the Atltyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of the Tibetan plateau and tectonic implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 804–841.
     [Google Scholar]
167. Ziegler, P.A., Cloetingh, S. & van Wees, J‐D. (1995) Dynamics of intraplate compressional deformation: the Alpine foreland and other examples. Tectonophysics, 252, 7–59.
     [Google Scholar]
168. D.G.Gee
     Ziegler, P.A. & Dèzes, P. (2006) Crustal evolution of Western and Central Europe. In: European Lithosphere Dynamics (Ed. by D.G.Gee & R.A.Stephenson ), Geol. Soc. Lond.Mem., 32, 43–56.
     [Google Scholar]
169. Ziegler, P.A. & Dèzes, P. (2007) Cenozoic uplift of Variscan Massifs in the Alpine foreland: timing and controlling mechanisms. Global Planet. Change, 58, 237–269.
     [Google Scholar]
170. Ziegler, P.A., Van Wees, J‐D. & Cloetingh, S. (1998) Mechanical controls on collision‐related compressional intraplate deformation. Tectonophysics, 300, 103–129.
     [Google Scholar]
171. Zoetemeijer, R., Cloetingh, S., Sassi, W. & Roure, F. (1993) Modelling of piggy‐back basin stratigraphy: record of tectonic evolution. Tectonophysics, 226, 253–269.
     [Google Scholar]
172. Zoetemeijer, R., Tomek, C. & Cloetingh, S. (1999) Flexural expression of European continental lithosphere under the western outer Carpathians. Tectonics, 18, 843–861.
     [Google Scholar]