Ray-Based Synthesis of Bistatic Ground-Penetrating Radar Profiles

2-D bistatic ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles may be numerically synthesized by combining ray tracing (for the kinematic properties) with transmitter and receiver directivities, reflection and transmission coefficients, geometrical spreading, and attenuation coefficients (for the dynamic properties). The main limitations are that wave effects, such as diffractions, and offline (3-D) effects are not included. The algorithm is applied to iterative modeling of multioffset, multi-frequency GPR data acquired over an outcrop of fractured Austin Chalk in Dallas county in northeast Texas. Modeling is able to simulate the main time and amplitude behaviors observed in GPR reflections at 50, 100 and 200 MHz at each of 1, 3 and 5 meter antenna separations, from a single model.