1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Geophysical Prospecting
  4. Volume 60, Issue 5
  5. Article
Volume 60, Issue 5
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Prestack reverse time migration (RTM) is a very useful tool for seismic imaging but has mainly three bottlenecks: highly intensive computation cost, low‐frequency band imaging noise and massive memory demand. Traditionally, PC‐clusters with thousands of computation nodes are used to perform RTM but it is too expensive for small companies and oilfields. In this article, we use Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) architecture, which is cheaper and faster to implement RTM and we obtain an order of magnitude higher speedup ratio to solve the problem of intensive computation cost. Aiming at the massive memory demand, we adopt the pseudo random boundary condition that sacrifices the computation cost but reduces the memory demand. For rugged topography RTM, it is difficult to deal with the rugged free boundary condition with the finite difference method. We employ a simplified boundary condition that avoids the abundant logical judgment to make the GPU implementation possible and does not induce any sacrifice on efficiency. Besides, we have also done some tests on multi‐GPU implementation for wide azimuth geometries using the latest GPU cards and drivers. Finally, we discuss the challenges of anisotropy RTM and GPU solutions. All the jobs stated above are based on GPU and the synthetic data examples will show the efficiency of the algorithm and solutions.

© 2012 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
2012-01-12
2024-04-19

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AlkhalifahT.2000. An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic media. Geophysics65, 1239–1250.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Araya‐PoloM., RubioF., de la CruzR., HanzichM., María CelaJ. and Paolo ScarpazzaD. 2009. 3D seismic imaging through reverse‐time migration on homogeneous and heterogeneous multi‐core processors. Journal of Scientific Programming17, 186–198.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. BaysalE., KosloffD.D. and SherwoodJ.W.C.1983. Reverse time migration. Geophysics48, 1514–1524.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. BeasleyC. and LynnW.1992. The zero‐velocity layer: Migration from irregular surfaces. Geophysics57, no.11, 1435–1443.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. BerryhillJ.R.1979. Wave equation datuming. Geophysics44, no.8, 1329–1344.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. BerryhillJ.R.1984. Wave equation datuming before stack (short note). Geophysics49, no.11, 2064–2067.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. BevcD.1997. Flooding the topography: Wave‐equation datuming of land data with rugged acquisition topography. Geophysics62, no.5, 1558–1569.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. BilletteF. and Brandsberg‐DhalS.2005. The 2004 BP velocity benchmark. 67th Annual Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Expanded Abstracts, B035.
  9. ChangW.F. and McMechanG.A.1994. 3‐D elastic prestack, reverse‐time depth migration. Geophysics59, 597–609.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. ChattopadhyayS. and McMechanG.A.2008. Imaging conditions for prestack reverse‐time migration. Geophysics73(3), S81–S89.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. ClappR.G.2009. Reverse time migration with random boundaries. 79th Annual International Meeting, SEG Expanded Abstracts, 28, 2809–2813.
  12. DuX., BancroftJ.C. and LinesL.R.2007. Anisotropic reverse‐time migration for tilted TI media. Geophysical Prospecting55, 853–869.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. DuveneckE. and BakkerP.M.2011. Stable P‐wave modeling for reverse‐time migration in tilted TI media. Geophysics76, S65–S75, doi:10.1190/1.3533964.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. FletcherR.P., DuX. and FowlerP.J.2009. Reverse time migration in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. Geophysics74, WCA179.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. FoltinekD., EatonD., MahovskyJ., MoghaddamP. 2009. Industrial‐scale reverse time migration on GPU hardware. 79th Annual International Meeting, SEG Expanded Abstracts, 28, 2789–2793.
  16. FornbergB.1998. Generation of finite difference formulas on arbitrarily spaced grids. Mathematics of Computation51(184), 699–706.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. GazdagJ. and SguazzeroP.1984. Migration of seismic data by phase‐shift plus interpolation. Geophysics49, no.2, 124–131.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. GrayS.H. and MarfurtK.J.1995. Migration from topography: Improving the near‐surface image. Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics31, 18–24.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. HemonC.1978. Equations d’onde et modeles. Geophysical Prospecting26, 790–821.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. JinS.W., JiangF. and RenY.Q.2010. Comparison of isotropic, VTI and TTI reverse time migration: An experiment on BP anisotropic benchmark dataset. 80th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 3198–3203.
  21. LiB., LiuG.F. and LiuH.2009. A method of using GPU to accelerate seismic pre‐stack time migration. The Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese) 52(1), 245–252.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. LiuH.W., LiB., LiuH., TongX.L. and LiuQ.2010. The algorithm of high order finite difference pre‐stack reverse time migration and GPU implementation. The Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese) 53(7), 1725–1733.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. LiuH.W., LiB., LiuH., TongX.L. and LiuQ.2011. The problems of pre‐stack reverse time migration and solutions with GPU implementation. 73rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition Expanded Abstracts, P268.
  24. LiuG.F., LiuH., LiB., LiuQ., TongX.L. 2009. Method of prestack time migration of seismic data of mountainous regions and its GPU implementation. The Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese) 52(12), 3101–3108.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. LoewenthalD. and MuftiI.R.1983. Reverse time migration in spatial frequency domain. Geophysics48, 627–635.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. McMechanG.A.1983. Migration by extrapolation of time‐dependent boundary values. Geophysical Prospecting31, 413–420.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. McMechanG.A. and ChangW.F.1990. 3D acoustic prestack reverse‐time migration. Geophysical Prospecting38, 737–756.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. MicikeviciusP.2009. 3D finite difference computation on GPUs using CUDA. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on General Purpose Processing on Graphics Processing Units , Washington , D.C. , pp. 79–84.
  29. NeklyudovD. and BorodinI.2009. Imaging of offset VSP data acquired in complex areas with modified reverse‐time migration. Geophysical Prospecting57, 379–391.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. NVIDIA Corporation
    NVIDIA Corporation2009. CUDA Programming Guide, version 2.3.1, P88.
  31. PerroneM.P., LuL., LiuL., FedulovaI., SemenikhinA. and GorbikV.2011. High performance RTM using massive domain partitioning. 73rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, D034.
  32. ReshefM.1991. Depth migration from irregular surfaces with depth extrapolation methods (short note). Geophysics56, no.1, 119–122.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. SoubarasR. and ZhangY.2008. Two‐step explicit marching method for reverse time migration. 78th Annual International Meeting, SEG Expanded Abstracts, 27, 2272–2275.
  34. SouzaP., TeixeiraT., PanettaJ., CunhaC., RomanelliA., RoxoF., PedrosaI., SinedinoS., MonneratL., CarneiroL. and AlbrechtC. 2011. Accelerating Seismic Imaging on GPUs. 73rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, D035.
  35. SymesW.W.2007. Reverse time migration with optimal checkpointing. Geophysics72(5), SM213–SM221.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. ThomsenL.1986. Weak elastic anisotropy. Geophysics51, 1954–1996.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. VillarrealA. and ScalesJ.A.1997. Distributed three dimensional finite‐difference modeling of wave propagation in acoustic media. Computers in Physics, American Institute of Physics11, 388–399.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. WigginsJ.W.1984. Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data. Geophysics49(8), 1239–1248.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. YilmazO. and LucasD.1986. Prestack layer replacement. Geophysics51, no.7, 1355–1369.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. YuanS.Y., WangS.X., HeY.X. and TianN. 2011. Second‐order Wave Equation Modeling in Time Domain with Surface Topography Using Embedded Boundary Method and PML. 73rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, P356.
  41. ZhangL., RectorIIIJ.W. and HoverstenG.M.2005. Finite‐difference modelling of wave propagation in acoustic tilted TI media. Geophysical Prospecting53, 843–852, doi:10.1111/j.1365‐2478.2005.00504.x.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. ZhangY. and ZhangG.Q.2009. One‐step extrapolation method for reverse time migration. Geophysics74, A29.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. ZhangY., ZhangH.Z. and ZhangG.Q.2011. A stable TTI reverse time migration and its implementation. Geophysics76, WA3–WA11, doi:10.1190/1.3554411.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. ZhouH., ZhangG. and BloorR.2006a. An anisotropic wave equation for VTI media. 68th Conference and Exhibition, EAGE, Expanded Abstracts, H033.
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
Loading
The issues of prestack reverse time migration and solutions with Graphic Processing Unit implementation
Geophysical Prospecting 60, 906 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
/content/journals/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
/content/journals/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2011.01032.x
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Anisotropy; GPU; Pseudo random boundary; RTM; Rugged topography

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error