1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Near Surface Geophysics
  4. Volume 11, Issue 6
  5. Article
Volume 11 Number 6
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Quick clay has a major impact on landslide risk and it is therefore of considerable interest to map its presence and extent. In Sweden, quick clay has been involved in most landslides in soft clay with serious consequences. The predominant method for detection of quick clay in Sweden has been to take undisturbed samples and to perform fall‐cone tests on the clay in its undisturbed and remoulded state. Originally deposited in saltwater in a marine environment, the salt maintains the stability of the clay. When the salt is leached out, the clay can become quick. When salt is leached from clay of marine origin the resistivity increases. In this study the intention was to calibrate electrical imaging with cone penetration tests with resistivity measurements (CPTU‐R) and measurement of the total penetration resistance, i.e. the total rod friction, together with both geotechnical and chemical analyses on specimens in the laboratory.

The results show that electrical imaging can be used for separation of leached soil volumes in marine clays that may form quick clay, from those where the salt content remains too high for this. In the dry crust and thin weathered zone at the top, the resistivity is high but the clay is non‐quick. Also soils with less clay content will have higher resistivity without being quick. The technique may thus be used as a screening tool in order to delimit areas where further investigations are needed from areas that do not require more attention. This has a potential of saving significant resources if used in a relatively early stage of the survey process. It can also increase the overall quality and reliability of the survey results.

The induced polarization (IP) results are consistent and seem to be geologically realistic, and appear to contain additional information to the resistivity that is related to material or electrochemical properties, although it is not clear how due to lack of sufficiently detailed reference data.

The electrical imaging gives a general picture of the variation in resistivity along soil sections. The CPTU‐R gives variations at depth with very high vertical resolution in one specific location. There is generally good agreement between the models based on electrical imaging and the CPTU‐R. The CPTU‐R results may be used to calibrate the electrical imaging results with quick clay estimations based on rod friction.

© European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers © 2013 European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
2012-08-01
2024-04-27

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Andersson‐SköldY., TorranceJ.K., LindB., OdenK., StevensR. L. and RankkaK.2005. Quick clay – A case study of chemical perspective in Southwest Sweden. Engineering Geology82, 107–118.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. BergerB.1983. Geofysiske metoder anvendt i ingenjörgeologiske undersökelser, del 1‐3.Diss. Norges Tekniske Högskole. Petroleumsteknologi og Anvendt Geofysikk. Trondheim. (in Norwegian)
     [Google Scholar]
  3. BjerrumL.1954. Geotechnical properties of Norwegian marine clays. Geotechnique4, 49–69.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. BrennerR.P., NutalayaP., ChilingarianG.V. and RobertsonJ.O.1981. Engineering geology of soft clay. In: Soft Clay Engineering, (eds E.W.Brand and R.P.Brenner ). Elsevier, 159–238
     [Google Scholar]
  5. DahlinT.2001. The development of electrical imaging techniques. Computers and Geosciences27(9), 1019–1029.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. DahlinT and ZhouB.2004. A Numerical Comparison of 2D Resistivity Imaging with Ten Electrode Arrays. Geophysical Prospecting52, 379–398.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. DahlinT. and ZhouB.2006. Gradient array measurements for multichannel 2D resistivity imaging. Near Surface Geophysics4, 113–123.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. DahlinT., GarinH. and PalmM.2004. Combined Resistivity Imaging and RCPT for Geotechnical Pre‐investigation, Procs. NGM 2004, Ystad, Sweden, 18–20 May 2004, 9.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. DonohueS., LongM., O’ConnorP., HelleT.E., PfaffhuberA. and RomoenM.2012. Multi‐method geophysical mapping of quick clay. Near Surface Geophysics10(3), 207–219.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. GregersenO and LøkenT.1983. Mapping of quick clay landslide hazard in Norway, Criteria and experiences. Symposium on slopes on soft clays, Linköping, March 8–10, 1982. Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI. Report 17, 161–174.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. HelleT.E., PfaffhuberA.A., RømoenM. and ForsbergC.F.2009. SIP12 – Correlation between horizontal and vertical resistivity measurements. Internal report.Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. HolmsenG.1929. Lerfaldene ved Kokstad, Gretnes og Braa. Norges Geologiske undersøkelse, 151. (in Norwegian)
     [Google Scholar]
  13. LebuisJ, RobertJ.M. and RissmanP.1983. Regional mapping of landslide hazard in Quebec, in Symposium on slopes on soft clays, Linköping, March 8‐10, 1982. Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI. Linköping, Report 17, 205–262.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. LokeM.H., AcworthI. and DahlinT.2003. A comparison of smooth and blocky inversion methods in 2D electrical imaging surveys. Exploration Geophysics34(3), 182–187.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. LundströmK., LarssonR. and DahlinT.2009. Mapping of quick clay formations using geotechnical and geophysical methods. Landslides6(1), 1–15.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. LöfrothH.2011. Kartering av kvicklereförekomst för skred‐riskanalyser inom Göta älvuppdraget ‐ Utvärdering av föreslagen metod samt preliminära riktlinjer. Mapping of quick clay formations within the Göta River Commission – Evaluation of proposed method and preliminary guidelines.Göta River Commission, Sub report No 29. Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Linköping. www.swedgeo.se. (in Swedish)
     [Google Scholar]
  17. LöfrothH., SuerP., DahlinT., LerouxV. and SchälinD.2011. Quick clay mapping by resistivity ‐ Surface resistivity, CPTU‐R and chemistry to complement other geotechnical sounding and sampling, GÄU ‐ subreport 30, Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Linköping, 56 + appendices. www.swedgeo.se.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. LöfrothH., SuerP., SchälinD., DahlinT. and LerouxV.2013. Mapping of quick clay using sounding methods and resistivity in the Göta River valley. In: Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization 4, (eds Coutinho & Mayne ). Taylor & Francis Group, London, 1001–1008. ISBN 978‐0‐415‐62136‐6
     [Google Scholar]
  19. MöllerB. and BergdahlU.1982. Estimation of the sensitivity of soft clays from static and weight sounding tests. Procs. European symposium on penetration testing, 2, ESOPT, Amsterdam, vol. 1, 291–295.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. RankkaK., Andersson‐SköldY., HulténC., LarssonR., LerouxV. and DahlinT.2004. Quick clay in Sweden.Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI. Report 65. Linköping. www.swedgeo.se
     [Google Scholar]
  21. RosenqvistI.T.1946. Om leirers kvikkagtighet. Statens Vegvesen. Veglaboratoriet. Meddelande No 4. Oslo. (in Norwegian)
     [Google Scholar]
  22. RyggN.1978. Dreietrycksondering: Tolkning av sonderingsresultat. Vegdirektoratet, Veglaboratoriet, Intern Report No 816. Oslo. (in Norwegian)
     [Google Scholar]
  23. RømoenM., PfaffhuberA.A., KarlsrudK. and HelleT.E.2010. Resistivity on marine sediments retrieved from RCPTU‐soundings: a Norwegian case study. Procs. International symposium on cone penetration testing, 2, CPT’10, Huntington Beach, CA. vol. 2, 289–296.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. SlaterL. and LesmesD.2002. IP interpretation in environmental investigations. Geophysics67, 77–88.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. SolbergI.L., RönningJ.R., DalseggE., HansenL., RokoengenK. and SandvenR.2008. Resistivity measurements as a tool for outlining quick‐clay extent and valley‐fill stratigraphy: a feasibility study from Buvika, central Norway. Canadian Geotechnical Journal45(2), 210–225.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. SolbergI.L., HansenL., RönningJ.S. and DalseggE.2010. Veileder for bruk av resistivitetsmålinger i potentsielle kvikkleireomårder.Versjon 1.0. Norges Geologiske Undersökelse, NGU. Rapport 2010.048. (in Norwegian)
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI)
    Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) . 2012. Skredrisker i Göta älvdalen i ett förändrat klimat.Landslide risks in the Göta River valley in a changing climate (eds B.Lind , Y.Rogbeck and M.Tremblay ). Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI. Göta River Commission, GÄU. Final Report. Part 1, Linköping. www.swedgeo.se. (in Swedish)
     [Google Scholar]
  28. SöderblomR.1969. Salt in Swedish clays and its importance for quick clay formation.Results from some field and laboratory studies.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Swedish Geotechnical Institute
    Swedish Geotechnical Institute . Proceedings22. Stockholm.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. TorranceJ.K.1975. On the role of chemistry in the development and behaviour of the sensitive marine clays of Canada and Scandinavia. Canadian Geotechnical Journal12(3), 326–335.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Viberg, L.1981. Mapping and classification of landslide conditions. International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 10, Stockholm, June 1981. Procs, vol. 3, 549–554.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
Loading
Mapping of quick clay using geoelectrical imaging and CPTU‐resistivity
Near Surface Geophysics 11, 659 (2013); https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2013044
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error