oa The Limitation of 4D in Feasibility Study and Interpretation of Carbonate Field, a Case Study in Central Luconio, Sabah

4D seismic reservoir monitoring is a relative new technology consists of repeating 3D seismic survey in order to make time-lapse images of the fluid and pressure fronts as they move in a subsurface reservoir during hydrocarbon production. When successful, 4D seismic can locate areas of bypassed gas and or oil for new drilling opportunities, map out water flooded areas to avoid the costly mistake of drilling new wells into swept zones, and identify the geometry and nature of reservoir flow compartments that are the key to optimizing hydrocarbon recovery.

A successful 4D seismic is depends on repeatable acquisition and processing the monitor with base seismic 3D surveys to achieve detectability responds to production history changes. As the 4D seismic is commonly expensive,feasibility study is required to decide the value of business. we demonstrated a example of integrating Petrophysical and Seismic followed with 4D interpretation. Its limitation of using seismic amplitude differences was analyzed and qualitative “Two End Members” as a possible “Original and Current Hydrocarbon Contact” with its limitation was evaluated.

Finally, recommendation from qualitative to a quantitative 4D elastic inversion is proposed. Despite that its not tested yet, a successful case demonstrated in Norway using this kind of approach.