1887
  1. Home
  2. Conferences
  3. Conference Proceedings
  4. SPE/EAGE European Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition
  5. Conference paper

Abstract

Abstract

This study shows the first results of an ongoing project on the characterization of variations in lithological- and geomechanical properties of targetted gas shale formations. The aim of this study is to get an increased insight into both the fraccability and productivity of a shale formations. Ultimately, this can lead to better localization of shale gas “sweet spots” and prediction of mechanical reservoir behaviour. Since subsurface data is scarce and often widely spaced to achieve this, we did an outcrop study along the Yorkshire (UK) coast on the time and depositional analogue of the Jurassic Posidonia Shale Formation, the Jet Rock Member of the Whitby Mudstone Formation. High resolution (10 cm) sedimentological, geochemical and geobiological sampling, natural fracture analysis and Spectral Gamma Ray measurements are performed.

The mineralogy of the Jet Rock Member is based on geochemical data and thin section point counting and shows more or less equal amounts in Quartz, Kaolinite and Illite with only Pyrite and Calcite changing substantially. Within high TOC layers the percentage of Pyrite increases at the cost of Kaolinite. Fracture analysis of the Jet Rock Member shows a change of fracture density and length on a meter scale and is confined to the bedding. Comparison of the fracture density and mineralogical ratios shows a strong correlation suggesting that identification of the mineralogical signature can be of importance when targeting zones with preferential geomechanical behaviour. Geochemical test show that of the eight meters of black shale studied only one zone of half a meter has a measured TOC value of 15–20%. All other measurements on the other 7.5 meters of the member show an average organic content of 3–5%.

Spectral Gamma Ray (SGR) analysis of the Whitby outcrops shows gradual changes in potassium, thorium and uranium content, while the variation in thorium content is most significant. A direct link between SGR and fracture density is not visible although it is clear that the altering SGR signature is result of the changing minerology and thus possibly linked to the fracture behavior. When comparing the Whitby outcrop results with the SGR results of the Posidonia Formation in the Dutch well Moerkapelle-14 it stands out that the Dutch subsurface values are in general lower than the English outcrop ones. Both thorium and uranium are, for almost the entire formation, lower than the English time-equivalent.

© EAGE Publications BV
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.2118/167736-MS
2014-02-25
2024-04-20

  • From This Site

    /content/papers/10.2118/167736-MS
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Al-Suwaidi, A.H., Angelozzi, G.N., Baudin, F., Damborenea, S.E., Hesselbo, S.P., Jenkyns, H.C., Manceñido, M.O., Riccardi, A.C.
    , [2010]. First record of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event from the Southern Hemisphere, Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 167, 633–636.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Bertotti, G., Hardebol, N., Taal-van Koppen, J., Luthi, S.
    [2007]. Toward a quantitative definition of mechanical units: new techniques and results from an outcropping deep-water turbidite succession (Tanqua-Karoo Basin, South Africa). AAPG Bulletin91 (8), p. 1085–1098.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. De Jager, J., M. A.Doyle, P. J.Grantham and J. E.Mabillard
    , [1996]. Hydrocarbon habitat of the West Netherlands Basin. Geology of gas and oil under the Netherlands H. E. Rondeel, D. A. J. Batjes and W. H. Nieuwenhuis. Dordrecht, Kluwer/KNGMG: 191–209.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. De Jager, J. and M. C.Geluk
    [2007] Petroleum Geology. In: Wong, T. E., Batjes, D. A. J. and De Jager, J. (Eds) Geology of the Netherlands. Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 237–260.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ellis, D.V.
    [1987]. Well logging for Earth scientists. Elsevier, New York, 532 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Frimmel, A., Oschmann, W. and Schwark, L.
    [2004] Chemostratigraphy of the Posidonia Black Shale. SW Germany. Influence of sea-level variation on organic facies evolution. Chemical Geology, 206, 199–230.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Hardebol, N.J., Bertotti, G.
    [2013]. DigiFract: A software and data model implementation for flexible acquisition and processing of fracture data from outcrops. Computers and Geosciences, v. 54, p.326–336.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Hesselbo, S.P., Gröcke, D.R., Jenkyns, H.C., Bjerrum, C.J., Farrimond, P., MorgansBell, H.S., Green, O.R.
    , [2000]. Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event. Nature, 406, 392–395.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Jenkyns, H.C.
    , [1988]. The Early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event – Stratigraphy, sedimentary, and geochemical evidence. American Journal of Science, 288, 101–151.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Lott, G.K., Wong, T.E., Dusar, M., Andsbjerg, J., Mönnig, E., Feldman-Olszewska, A. & Verreussel, R.M.C.H.
    [2010] Jurassic. In: Doornenbal, J.C. and Stevenson, A.G. (Eds) Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area. EAGE Publications (Houten), 175–193.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Mattioli, E., Pittet, B., Suan, G., Mailliot, S.
    , [2008]. Calcareous nannoplankton changes across the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in the western Tethys. Paleoceanography, 23, PA3208, doi:10.1029/2007PA001435.
     https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001435 [Google Scholar]
  12. McArthur, J. M., Algeo, T. J., van de Schootbrugge, B., Li, Q. and Howarth, R. J.
    [2008] Basinal restriction, black shales, Re-Os dating, and the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography, 23, PA4217.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Newton, R.J., Reeves, E.P., Kafousia, N., Wignall, P.B., Bottrell, S.H., Sha, J.-G.
    , [2010]. Low marine sulfate concentrations and the isolation of the European epicontinental sea during the Early Jurassic. Geology, 39, 7–10.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Pletsch, T., J.Appel, D.Botor, C. J.Clayton, E. J. T.Duin, E.Faber, W.Górecki, H.Kombrink, P.Kosakowski, G.Kuper, J.Kus, R.Lutz, A.Mathiesen, C.Ostertag-Henning, B.Papiernek and F.Van Bergen
    [2010] Petroleum generation and migration. In: Doornenbal, J.C. and Stevenson, A.G. (Eds) Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area. EAGE Publications (Houten), 225–253.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Quirein, J.A., Gardner, J.S., Watson, J.T.
    [1982]. Combined natural gamma ray spectral/litho-density measurements applied to complex lithologies. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, (paper) SPE. 14p.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Röhl, H.-J., Schmid-Röhl, A., Oschmann, W., Frimmel, A., Schwark, L.
    , [2001]. The Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian) of SW-Germany: an oxygen-depleted ecosystem controlled by sea level and palaeoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 165, 27–52.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Trabucho-Alexandre, A., Dirkx, R., VeldH., KlaverG. and de Boer, P.L.
    [2012] Toarcian black shales in the Dutch Central Graben; record of energetic, variable depositional conditions during an oceanic anoxic event. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 82(2):104–120
     [Google Scholar]
  18. van Balen, R.T., Van Bergen, F., De Leeuw, C., Pagnier, H., Simmelink, H., Van Wees, J.D., and Verweij, J.M.
    , [2000], Modelling the hydrocarbon generation and migration in the West Netherlands Basin, the Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw / Netherlands Journal of Geosciences79: 29–44.
     [Google Scholar]
  19. van Bergen, F., M.H.A.A.Zijp, S.Nelskamp, H.Kombrink
    , [2013], ‘Shale gas evaluation of the Early Jurassic Posidonia Shale Formation and the Carboniferous Epen Formation in the Netherlands’, AAPG Hedberg Series volume
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Wignall, P.B., Newton, R.J., Little, C.T.S.
    , [2005]. The timing of paleoenvironmental change and cause-and-effect relationships during the early Jurassic mass extinction in Europe. American Journal of Science, 305, 1014–1032.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.2118/167736-MS
Loading
New Insights From Jurassic Shale Characterization: Strengthen Subsurface Data With Outcrop Analogues
Conference Proceedings 2014, 1 (2014); https://doi.org/10.2118/167736-MS
/content/papers/10.2118/167736-MS
/content/papers/10.2118/167736-MS
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error