1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Basin Research
  4. Volume 26, Issue 5
  5. Article
Volume 26, Issue 5
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2117

Abstract

Abstract

The North Sea giant sand injectite province (NSGSIP) is the global type area for large‐scale sandstone intrusion complexes. Despite decades of research on the NSGSIP, this paper presents the first detailed case study in which all aspects of the intrusion process have been constrained, including fluid and sediment sources, injection timing and driving mechanisms. The study describes and analyses high‐amplitude discordant amplitude anomalies within the Oligocene succession in the eastern North Sea, which are interpreted as large‐scale brine‐saturated sand injectites. Potential feeder conduits extending from the top of the Paleocene Lista Formation to the base of the injectites indicate that the source sand was located within the Lista Formation; possibly deposited in a distinct valley cut into the top of the Chalk Group. The geometry of the observed injectites ranges from a basal sill with wings to V‐shaped and conical; their dimensions range from 300 to 3700 m in width and up to 150 m in height. In all cases, a significant deformation of the overburden is observed. The study area is located in the Ringkøbing‐Fyn High area above the basement high separating two smaller Paleozoic half‐grabens. During the Oligocene, rapid and significant differential loading occurred. We interpret that the injectites formed due to remobilization of the source sand facilitated by overpressure caused by differential loading combined with a possible influx of fluids from the deeper succession. The case study has with its assessment of the full injection system, implications for the understanding of subsurface remobilization processes and furthermore for oil and gas exploration in the eastern North Sea.

Basin Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists © 2014 The Authors. Basin Research © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12060
2014-02-26
2024-04-20

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/bre.12060
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ahmadi, Z.M., Sawyers, M., Kenyon‐Roberts, S., Stanworth, C.W., Kugler, K.A., Kristensen, J. & Fugelli, E.M.G. (2003) Paleocene. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 235–239. Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen, P.A. & Allen, J.R. (2005) Basin Analysis, Principles and Application. 2nd edn, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Andresen, K.J. (2012) Fluid flow features in hydrocarbon plumbing systems: what do they tell us about the basin evolution? In: Hydrocarbon Leakage through Focused Fluid Flow Systems in Continental Margins (Ed. by AnkaZ. , BerndtC. & GayA. ) Marine Geology Special Volume, 332‐334, 89–108.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Andresen, K.J. & Huuse, M. (2011) ‘Bulls‐eye’ pockmarks and polygonal faulting in the Lower Congo Basin: relative timing and implications for fluid expulsion during shallow burial. Mar. Geol., 279, 111–127.
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Andresen, K.J., Huuse, M. & Clausen, O.R. (2008) Morphology and distribution of Oligocene and Miocene pockmarks in the Danish North Sea – implications for bottom current activity and fluid migration. Basin Res., 20, 445–466.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Andresen, K.J., Clausen, O.R. & Huuse, M. (2009) A giant (5.3 x 107 m3) middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma) sediment mound (M1) above the Siri Canyon, Norwegian‐Danish Basin: origin and significance. Mar. Pet. Geol., 26, 1640–1655.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Andresen, K.J., Clausen, O.R. & Jørgensen, R.B. (2010) A composite mud volcano system in the Chalk Group of the North Sea Central Graben. Journal of the Geological Society, 167, 1209–1224.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bacon, M., Simm, R. & Redshaw, T. (2007) 3‐D Seismic Interpretation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Bahorich, M. & Farmer, S. (1995) 3‐D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: the coherence cube. Lead. Edge, 14(10), 1053–1058.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Berndt, C., Skogly, O.P., Planke, S. & Eldholm, O. (2000) High‐velocity breakup‐related sills in the Voring Basin off Norway. J. Geophys. Res., 105(B12), 443–454.
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Brouwer, F.C.G., Connolly, D. & Tingahl, K. (2011) A guide to the practical use of neural networks. In: Attributes: New Views on Seismic Imaging – Their Use in Exploration and Production: 31st Annual (Ed. by MarfurtK.J. , GaoD. , BarnesA. , ChopraS. , CorraoA. , HartB. , JamesH. , PachtJ. & RosenN.C. ) GCSSEPM Foundation Annual Bob F. Perkins Research Conference Proceedings, 31, 440–472.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Brown, A.R. (2004) Interpretation of Three‐Dimensional Seismic Data, 6th edn. AAPG Memoir, 42.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Bruce, D.R.S. & Stemmerik, L. (2003) Carboniferous. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 83–89. Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Cartwright, J. (1990) The structural evolution of the Ringkøbing‐Fyn High. In: Tectonic Evolution of the North Sea Rifts (Ed. by D.J.Blundell & A.D.Gibbs ), pp. 200–216. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Cartwright, J.A. (2010) Regionally extensive emplacement of sandstone intrusions: a brief review. Basin Res., 22, 502–516.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Cartwright, J., Huuse, M. & Aplin, A. (2007) Seal bypass systems. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 91, 1141–1166.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Cartwright, J., James, D., Huuse, M., Vetel, W. & Hurst, A. (2008) The geometry and emplacement of conical sandstone intrusions. J. Struct. Geol., 30, 854–867.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. CGG
    CGG (Compagnie Générale de Géophysique Crew no. 8573) (1999) Seismic data processing final report 3D survey MARA99, Licence 3/98, 59 pp. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Oslo, Norway.
  19. Clausen, O.R. & Huuse, M. (1999) Topography of the Top Chalk surface on‐ and offshore Denmark. Mar. Pet. Geol., 16(7), 677–691.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Clausen, O.R., Gregersen, U., Michelsen, O. & Sørensen, J.C. (1999) Factors controlling the Cenozoic sequence development in the eastern parts of the North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society London, 156, 809–816.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Clausen, O.R., Nielsen, S.B., Egholm, D.L. & Gołędowski, B. (2012a) Cenozoic structures in the eastern North Sea Basin – a case for salt tectonics. Tectonophysics, 514–517, 156–167.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Clausen, O.R., Śliwińska, K.K. & Gołędowski, B. (2012b) Oligocene climate changes controlling forced regression in the eastern North Sea. Mar. Pet. Geol., 29, 1–14.
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Clausen, O.R., Andresen, K.J. & Rasmussen, J.A. (2013) Late Permian topography at the southern margin of the Northern Permian Basin: paleogeography inferred from 3D seismic analysis. EGU General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstracts, 15.
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Damtoft, K., Nielsen, L.H., Johannessen, P.N., Thomsen, E. & Andersen, P.R. (1992) Hydrocarbon plays of the Danish Central Trough. In: Generation, Accumulation and Production of Europe's Hydrocarbons II (Ed. by A.M.Spencer ) Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoscientists, 2, 35–38.
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Danielsen, M., Michelsen, O. & Clausen, O.R. (1997) Oligocene sequence stratigraphy and basin development in the Danish sector of the North Sea based on log interpretations. Mar. Pet. Geol., 14, 931–950.
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Davies, R.J., Huuse, M., Hirst, P., Cartwright, J. & Yang, Y. (2006) Giant clastic intrusions primed by silica diagenesis. Geology, 34(11), 917–920.
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Davies, R.J., Mathias, S.A., Moss, J., Hustoft, S. & Newport, L. (2012) Hydraulic fractures: how far can they go?Mar. Pet. Geol., 37, 1–6.
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Deegan, C.E. & Scull, B.J. (1977) A proposed standard lithostratigraphic nomenclature for the Central and Northern North Sea. Report of the Institute of Geological Sciences, 77/25. Norw. Petrol. Direct. Bull., 1, 39 pp.
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Dmitrieva, E., Jackson, C.A.‐L., Huuse, M. & Mccarthy, A. (2012) Paleocene deep‐water depositional systems in the North Sea Basin: a 3D seismic and well data case study, offshore Norway. Petroleum Geoscience, 18, 97–114.
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Faugères, J.‐C., Stow, D.A.V., Imbert, P. & Viana, A. (1999) Seismic features diagnostic of contourite drifts. Mar. Geol., 162, 1–38.
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Gast, R.E., Dusar, M., Breitkreuz, C., Gaupp, R., Schneider, J.W., Stemmerik, L., Geluk, M.C., Geisler, M., Kiersnowski, H., Glennie, K.W., Kabel, S. & Jones, N.S. (2010) Rotliegend. In: Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area (Ed. by J.C.Doornenbal & A.G.Stevenson ), pp. 101–121. EAGE Publications b.v, Houten, The Netherlands.
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Glennie, K.W., Higham, J. & Stemmerik, L. (2003) Permian. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 91–103. Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Gołędowski, B., Nielsen, S.B. & Clausen, O.R. (2011) Patterns of Cenozoic sediment flux from western Scandinavia. Basin Res., 23, 1–24.
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Gressier, J.‐B., Mourgues, R., Bodet, L., Matthieu, J.‐Y., Galland, O. & Cobbold, P. (2010) Control of pore fluid pressure on depth of emplacement of magmatic sills: an experimental approach. Tectonophysics, 489, 1–13.
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Hamberg, L., Dam, G., Wilhelmson, C. & Ottesen, T.G. (2005) Palaeocene deep‐marine sandstone plays in the Siri Canyon, offshore Denmark‐southern Norway. In: Petroleum Geology: North‐West Europe and Global Perspectives – Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by A.G.Doré & B.A.Vining ), pp. 1185–1198. Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hamberg, L., Jepsen, A.‐M., Ter Borch, N., Dam, G., Svendsen, J.B. & Engkilde, M. (2007) Mounded structures of injected sandstones in deep marine Paleocene reservoirs, Cecilie Field, Denmark. In: Sand Injectites: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Ed. by A.Hurst & J.Cartwright ) AAPG Memoir, 87, 69–79.
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Hansen, J.P.V. (2004) 3D seismic analysis of depositional systems, unconformities and mud diapirs, examples from the eastern Danish North Sea and the Gjallar Ridge, offshore mid Norway. PhD thesis, Aarhus University.
  38. Hansen, D.M., Cartwright, J.A. & Thomas, D. (2004a) 3D seismic analysis of the geometry of igneous sills and sill junction relationships. In: 3D Seismic Technology: Application to the Exploration of Sedimentary Basins (Ed. by R.J.Davies , J.A.Cartwright , S.A.Stewart , M.Lappin & J.R.Underhill ) Geological Society London Memoir, 29, 199–208.
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Hansen, J.P.V., Clausen, O.R. & Huuse, M. (2004b) 3D seismic analysis reveals the origin of ambiguous erosional features at a major sequence boundary in the eastern North Sea: near top Oligocene. In: 3D Seismic Technology: Application to the Exploration of Sedimentary Basins (Ed. by R.J.Davies , J.A.Cartwright , S.A.Stewart , M.Lappin & J.R.Underhill ) Geological Society London Memoir, 29, 83–89.
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Hansen, D.M., Redfern, J.M., Federici, F., Biase, D.D. & Bertozzi, G. (2008) Miocene igneous activity in the Northern Subbasin offshore Senegal, NW Africa. Mar. Pet. Geol., 25, 1–15.
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Heilmann‐Clausen, C. (1995) Palæogene aflejringer over Danskekalken. In: Danmarks geologi fra Kridt til i dag (Ed. by O.B.Nielsen ) Aarhus Geokompendier, 1, 69–114.
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Hemmet, M. (2005) The hydrocarbon potential of the Danish Continental Shelf, In: Petroleum Geology: North‐West Europe and Global Perspectives – Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by A.G.Doré & B.A.Vining ), pp. 85–97, Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Hilterman, F.J. (2001) Seismic amplitude interpretation. Society of Exploration Geophysicists/European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Distinguished Instructor Course, Distinguished Instructor Series, 4, 236.
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Hudec, M.R. & Jackson, M.P.A. (2006) Advance of allochthonous salt sheets in passive margins and orogens. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 90, 1535–1564.
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Hurst, A. & Cartwright, J. (2007a) Sand injectites: implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production. AAPG Memoir, 87.
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Hurst, A. & Cartwright, J. (2007b) Relevance of sand injectites to hydrocarbon exploration and production. In: Sand Injectites: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Ed. by HurstA. & CartwrightJ. ) AAPG Memoir, 87, 1–19.
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Hurst, A., Cartwright, J., Huuse, M., Jonk, R., Schwab, A., Duranti, D. & Cronin, B. (2003) Significance of large‐scale sand injectites as long‐term fluid conduits: evidence from seismic data. Geofluids, 3, 263–274.
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Hurst, A., Cartwright, J.A., Duranti, D., Huuse, M. & Nelson, M. (2005) Sand injectites: an emerging global play in deep‐water clastic environments. In: Petroleum Geology: North‐West Europe and Global Perspectives—Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by A.G.DoreE & B.A.Vining ), pp. 133–144. Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Hurst, A., Cartwright, J.A., Huuse, M. & Duranti, D. (2006) Extrusive sandstones (extrudites): a new class of stratigraphic trap? In: The Deliberate Search for the Stratigraphic Trap (Ed. by AllenM.R. , GoffeyG.P. , MorganR.K. & WalkerI.M. ) Geological Society London Special Publications, 254, 289–300.
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Hurst, A., Scott, A. & Vigorito, M. (2011) Physical characteristics of sand injectites. Earth‐ Science Reviews, 106, 215–246.
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Husmo, T., Hamar, G.P., Høiland, O., Johannessen, E.P., Rømuld, A., Spencer, A.M. & Titterton, R. (2002) Lower and Middle Jurassic. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 129–155. Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Huuse, M. (2002) Cenozoic uplift and denudation of southern Norway: insights from the North Sea Basin. In: Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration (Ed. by DoréA.G. , CartwrightJ.A. , StokerM.S. , TurnerJ.P. & WhiteN. ) Geological Society London Special Publication, 196, 209–233.
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Huuse, M. & Clausen, O.R. (2001) Morphology and origin of major Cenozoic sequence boundaries in the eastern North Sea Basin: top Eocene, near‐top Oligocene and the mid‐Miocene unconformity. Basin Res., 13, 17–41.
     [Google Scholar]
  54. Huuse, M. & Lykke‐Andersen, H. (2000) Overdeepened Qauternary valleys in the eastern Danish North Sea: morphology and origin. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 19(12), 1233–1253.
     [Google Scholar]
  55. Huuse, M. & Mickelson, M. (2004) Eocene sandstone intrusions in the Tampen Spur area (Norwegian North Sea Quad 34) imaged by 3D seismic data. Mar. Pet. Geol., 21, 141–155.
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Huuse, M., Lykke‐Andersen, H. & Michelsen, O. (2001) Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Danish North Sea. Mar. Geol., 177, 243–269.
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Huuse, M., Duranti, D., Steinsland, N., Guargena, C.G., Prat, P., Holm, K., Cartwright, J.A. & Hurst, A. (2004) Seismic characteristics of large‐scale sandstone intrusions in the Paleogene of the South Viking Graben, UK and Norwegian North Sea. In: 3D Seismic Technology: Application to the Exploration of Sedimentary Basins (Ed. by DaviesR.J. , CartwrightJ.A. , StewartS.A. , LappinM. & UnderhillJ.R. ) Geological Society London Memoir, 29, 263–277.
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Huuse, M., Cartwright, J.A., Gras, R. & Hurst, A. (2005) Kilometre‐scale sandstone intrusions. In: Petroleum Geology: North‐West Europe and Global Perspectives – Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by A.G.Doré & B.A.Vining ), pp. 1577–1594. Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Huuse, M., Cartwright, J., Hurst, A. & Steinsland, N. (2007) Seismic characterization of large‐scale sandstone intrusions. In: Sand Injectites: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Ed. by HurstA. & CartwrightJ. ) AAPG Memoir, 87, 21–35.
     [Google Scholar]
  60. Huuse, M., Jackson, C.A.‐L., van Rensbergen, P., Davies, R.J., Flemings, P.B. & Dixon, R.J. (2010) Subsurface sediment remobilisation and fluid flow in sedimentary basins: an overview. Basin Res., 22(4), 342–360.
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Huuse, M., Jackson, C.A.‐L., Olobayo, O., Dmitrieva, E. & Andresen, K.J. (2012) A sand injectite stratigraphy for the North Sea. Extended Abstracts & Exhibitors Catalogue, 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Copenhagen.
  62. Isaksen, D. & Tonstad, K. (1989) A revised Cretaceous and Tertiary lithostratigraphic nomenclature for the Norwegian North Sea. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate Bulletin, 5.
  63. Jackson, C.A.‐L. (2007) Application of three‐dimensional seismic data to documenting the scale, geometry and distribution of soft‐sediment features in sedimentary basins: an example from the Lomre Terrace, offshore Norway. In: Seismic Geomorphology: Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production (Ed. by DaviesR.J. , PosamentierH.W. , WoodL.J. & CartwrightJ.A. ) Geological Society London Special Publications, 277, 253–267.
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Jackson, A.‐L. & Somme, T.O. (2011) Borehole evidence for wing‐like clastic intrusion complexes on the western Norwegian margin. Journal of the Geological Society, 168, 1075–1078.
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Jackson, C.A.‐L., Huuse, M. & Barber, G.P. (2011) Geometry of winglike clastic intrusions adjacent to a deep‐water channel complex: implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 95(4), 559–584.
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Jolly, R.J.H. & Lonergan, L. (2002) Mechanism and control on the formation of sand intrusions. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 159, 605–617.
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Jordt, H., Faleide, J.I., Bjorlykke, K. & Ibrahim, M.T. (1995) Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy of the central and northern North Sea Basin: tectonic development, sediment distribution and provenance areas. Mar. Pet. Geol., 12, 845–879.
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Kazerouni, A.M., Friis, H., Svendsen, J.B. & Weibel, R. (2011) Heavy mineral sorting in downwards injected Palaeocene sandstone, Siri Canyon, Danish North Sea. Sed. Geol., 236, 279–285.
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Kilhams, B., Godfrey, S., Hartley, A. & Huuse, M. (2011) An integrated 3D seismic, petrophysical and analogue core study of the Mid‐Eocene Grid channel complex in the greater Nelson Field area. UK Central North Sea, Petroleum Geoscience, 17, 127–142.
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Knutz, P.C. (2010) Channel structures formed by contour currents and fluid expulsion: significance for Late Neogene development of the central North Sea basin. In: Petroleum Geology: From Mature Basins to New Frontiers —Proceedings of the 7th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by B.A.Vining & S.C.Pickering ), pp. 77–94. Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Kristensen, T.B., Huuse, M., Piotrowski, J.A. & Clausen, O.R. (2007) A morphometric analysis of tunnel valleys in the eastern North Sea based on 3D seismic data. J. Quat. Sci., 22(8), 801–815.
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Kristoffersen, F.N. & Bang, I. (1982) Cenozoic excl. Danian limestone. In: Geology of the Danish Central Graben (Ed. by MichelsenO. ) Geological Survey of Denmark, Series B, 8, 62–71.
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Kubala, M., Bastow, M., Thompson, S., Scotchman, I. & Oygard, K. (2003) Geothermal regime, Petroleum generation and Migration. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 289–315. Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Kvenvolden, K.A. & Claypool, G.E. (1988) Gas Hydrates in Oceanic Sediment. U.S. Geological Survey, Open‐File Report 88–216, 50 pp.
  75. Liu, X. & Flemings, P.B. (2006) Passing gas through the hydrate stability zone at Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 241, 211–226.
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Lonergan, L. & Cartwright, J.A. (1999) Polygonal faults and their influence on deep‐water sandstone reservoir geometries, Alba Field, United Kingdom Central North Sea. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 83(3), 410–432.
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Løseth, H., Gading, M. & Wensaas, L. (2009) Hydrocarbon leakage on seismic data. Mar. Pet. Geol., 26, 1304–1319.
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Løseth, H., Rodrigues, N. & Cobbold, P.R. (2012) World's largest extrusive body of sand?Geology, 40(5), 467–470.
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Macleod, M.K., Hanson, R.A., Bell, C.R. & McHugo, S. (1999) The Alba field ocean bottom cable seismic survey: impact on development. Lead. Edge, 18, 1306–1312.
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Meldahl, P., Heggland, R., Bril, B. & de Groot, P. (2001) Identifying fault and gas chimneys using multiattributes and neural networks. Lead. Edge, 20(5), 474–482.
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Michelsen, O., Thomsen, E., Danielsen, M., Heilmann‐Clausen, C., Jordt, H. & Laursen, G. (1998) Cenozoic sequence stratigraphy in the eastern North Sea. In: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins (Ed. by de GracianskyP.C. , JacquinT. & VailP.R. ) SEPM Special Publication, 60, 91–118.
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Michelsen, O., Nielsen, L.H., Johannesen, P.N., Andsbjerg, J. & Surlyk, F. (2003) Jurassic lithostratigraphy and stratigraphic development onshore and offshore Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 1, 147–216.
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Miller, K.G., Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Wright, J.D., Mountain, G.S., Katz, M.E., Sugarman, P.J., Cramer, B.S., Christie‐Blick, N. & Pekar, S.F. (2005) The Phanerozoic record of global sea‐level change. Science, 310, 1293–1298.
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Mitchum, R.M., Jr, Vail, P.R. & Sangree, J.B. (1977) Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea‐level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretation of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences. In: Seismic Stratigraphy—Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration (Ed. by C.E.Payton ) AAPG Memoir, 26, 117–133.
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Molyneux, S., Cartwright, J. & Lonergan, L. (2002) Conical sandstone injection structures imaged by 3D seismic in the central North Sea, UK. First Break, 20(6), 383–393.
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Mourgues, R., Bureau, D., Bodet, L., Gay, A. & Gressier, J.B. (2012) Formation of conical fractures in sedimentary basins: experiments involving pore fluids and implications for sandstone intrusion mechanisms. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 313–314, 67–78.
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Netoff, D. (2002) Seismogenically induced fluidization of Jurassic erg sands, south‐central Utah. Sedimentology, 49, 65–80.
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Nielsen, L.H. & Japsen, P. (1991) Deep wells in Denmark 1935‐1990 ‐ Lithostratigraphic subdivision. Geological Survey of Denmark Series A, 31, 179.
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Nielsen, S.B., Thomsen, E., Hansen, D.L. & Clausen, O.R. (2005) Plate‐wide stress relaxation explains European Paleocene basin inversions. Nature, 435, 195–198.
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Obermeier, S.F. (1998) Liquefaction evidence for strong earthquakes of Holocene and latest Pleistocene ages in the states of Indiana and Illinois, USA. Eng. Geol., 50, 227–254.
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Ohm, S.E., Karlsen, D.A., Roberts, A., Johannessen, E. & Hoiland, O. (2006) The Paleocene sandy Siri fairway: an efficient ient, A., JOHANNESSEN, E., HOILANDCentralGraben?J. Pet. Geol, 29(1), 53Petr.
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Owen, G. & Moretti, M. (2011) Identifying triggers for liquefaction‐induced soft‐sediment deformation in sands. Sed. Geol., 235, 141–147.
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Pedersen, J.H., Karlsen, D.A., Lie, J.E., Brunstad, H. & di Primio, R. (2006) Maturity and source‐rock potential of Palaeozoic sediments in the NW European Northern Permian Basin. Petroleum Geoscience, 12, 13–28.
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Peryt, T.M., Geluk, M.C., Mathiesen, A., Paul, J. & Smith, K. (2010) Zechstein. In: Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area (Ed. by J.C.Doornenbal & A.G.Stevenson ), pp. 123–147. EAGE Publications b.v, Houten.
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Petersen, H.I. & Nytoft, H.P. (2007) Are Carboniferous coals from the Danish North Sea oilprone?Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 13, 13–16.
     [Google Scholar]
  96. Pharaoh, T.C., Dusar, M., Geluk, M.C., Kockel, F., Krawczyk, C.M., Krzywiec, P., Scheck‐Wenderoth, M., Thybo, H., Vejbæk, O.V. & Van Wees, J.D. (2010) Tectonic evolution. In: Petroleum Geological Atlas of the Southern Permian Basin Area (Ed. by J.C.Doornenbal & A.G.Stevenson ), pp. 25–57. EAGE Publications b.v., Houten.
     [Google Scholar]
  97. Planke, S., Rasmussen, T., Rey, S.S. & Myklebust, R. (2005) Seismic characteristics and distribution of volcanic intrusions and hydrothermal vent complexes in the Vøring and Møre Basins. In: Petroleum Geology: North‐West Europe and Global Perspectives – Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (Ed. by A.G.Doré & B.A.Vining ), pp. 833–844. Petroleum Geology Conferences Ltd., Geological Society, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  98. Pollard, D.D. & Johnson, A.M. (1973) Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in the Henry Mountains, Utah, II—Bending and failure of overburden layers and sill formation. Tectonophysics, 18, 311–354.
     [Google Scholar]
  99. Polteau, S., Mazzini, A., Galland, O., Planke, S. & Malthe‐Sørensen, A. (2008) Saucer‐shaped intrusions: occurrences, emplacement and implications. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 266, 195–204.
     [Google Scholar]
  100. Rasmussen, E.S., Dybkjær, K. & Piasecki, S. (2010) Lithostratigraphy of the Upper Oligocene‐Miocene succession of Denmark. Geological survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 22, 96.
     [Google Scholar]
  101. Rebesco, M. & Stow, D. (2001) Seismic expression of contourites and related deposits: a preface. Mar. Geophys. Res., 22, 303–308.
     [Google Scholar]
  102. Roberts, K.S., Davies, R.J. & Stewart, A. (2010) Structure of exhumed mud volcano feeder complexes, Azerbaijan. Basin Res., 22, 439–451.
     [Google Scholar]
  103. Scheck, M., Thybo, H., Lassen, A., Abramovitz, T. & Laigle, M. (2002) Basement structure in the southern North Sea, offshore Denmark, based on seismic interpretation. In: Palaeozoic Amalgamation of Central Europe (Ed. by WinchesterJ.A. , PharaohT.C. & VerniersJ. ) Geological Society of London Special Publication, 201, 311–326.
     [Google Scholar]
  104. Schiøler, P., Andsbjerg, J., Clausen, O.R., Dam, G., Dybkjær, K., Hamberg, L., Heilmann‐Clausen, C., Johannessen, E.P., Kristensen, L.E., Prince, I. & Rasmussen, J.A. (2007) Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene ‐ Lower Neogene succession of the Danish North Sea. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 12, 1–77.
     [Google Scholar]
  105. Scholz, H., Frieling, D. & Obst, K. (2009) Funnel structures and clastic dykes in Cambrian sandstones of Southern Sweden — indications for tensional tectonics and seismic events in a shallow marine environment. Neues Jahrbuch Für Geologie Und Palaontologie‐Abhandlungen, 251, 355–380.
     [Google Scholar]
  106. Scott, A., Vigorito, M. & Hurst, A. (2009) The process of sand injection: internal structuresand relationships with host strata (Yellowbank Creek injectite complex, California, U.S.A.). J. Sediment. Res., 79, 568–583.
     [Google Scholar]
  107. Sheriff, R.E. & Geldart, L.P. (1995) Exploration Seismology. 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
     [Google Scholar]
  108. Shoulders, S. & Cartwright, J.A. (2004) Constraining the depth and timing of large scale conical sandstone intrusions. Geology, 32, 661–665.
     [Google Scholar]
  109. Shoulders, S., Cartwright, J.A. & Huuse, M. (2007) Sandstone intrusions and polygonal faults in the Faeroe‐Shetland Basin. Mar. Pet. Geol., 24, 173–188.
     [Google Scholar]
  110. Śliwińska, K.K. & Heilmann‐Clausen, C. (2011) Early Oligocene cooling reflected by the dinoflagellate cyst Svalbardella cooksoniae . Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 305, 138–149.
     [Google Scholar]
  111. Śliwińska, K.K., Clausen, O.R. & Heilmann‐Clausen, C. (2010) A mid‐Oligocene cooling (Oi‐2b) reflected in the dinoflagellate record and in depositional sequence architecture. An integrated study from the eastern North Sea Basin. Mar. Pet. Geol., 27, 1424–1430.
     [Google Scholar]
  112. Stanzione, O., Scott, A., Hurst, A., Vigorito, M., Moreau, J., Vettel, W. & Cartwirght, J. (2008) Outcrop characterization of turbidite reservoir analogues deformed by fluidization – Implications for reservoir models. Society of Petroleum Engineers – 70th European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers Conference and Exhibition – incorporation SPE EUROPEC 2008, 1, 157–161.
     [Google Scholar]
  113. Stemmerik, L. & Frykman, P. (1987) The Zechstein carbonates of southern Jylland, Denmark. In: Petroleum Geology of the North West Europe (Ed. by J.Brooks & K.Glennie ), pp. 365–374. Graham & Trotman, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  114. Stemmerik, L., Ineson, J.R. & Mitchell, J.G. (2000) Stratigraphy of the Rotliegend Group in the Danish part of the Northern Permian Basin, North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 157, 1127–1136.
     [Google Scholar]
  115. Stewart, S.A. & Davies, R.J. (2006) Structure and emplacement of mud volcano systems in the South Caspian Basin. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 90, 771–786.
     [Google Scholar]
  116. Surlyk, F., Dons, T., Clausen, C.K. & Higham, J. (2003) Upper Cretaceous. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 213–233. Geological Society of London, London.
     [Google Scholar]
  117. Svendsen, J.B., Friis, H., Poulsen, M.L.K. & Hamberg, L. (2007) Geokemi i Siri Canyon – nye idéer til olieefterforskning. DGF Geologisk Tidsskrift, 2007, 6–11.
     [Google Scholar]
  118. Svendsen, J.B., Hansen, H.J., Stærmose, T. & Engkilde, M.K. (2010) Sand remobilisation and injection above an active salt diapir: the Tyr sand of the Nini Field, Eastern North Sea. Basin Res., 22, 548–561.
     [Google Scholar]
  119. Swarbrick, R.E. & Osborne, M.J. (1998) Mechanisms that generate abnormal pressures: an overview. In: Abnormal Pressures in Hydrocarbon Environments (Ed. by LawB.E. , UlmishekG.F. & SlavinV.I. ) AAPG Memoir, 70, 13–34.
     [Google Scholar]
  120. Swarbrick, R.E., Osborne, M.J. & Yardley, G.S. (2002) Comparison of Overpressure Magnitude Resulting from the Main Generating Mechanisms. In: Pressure Regimes in Sedimentary Basins and their Prediction (Ed. by HuffmanA.R. & BowersB.L. ) AAPG Memoir, 76, 1–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  121. Szarawarska, E., Huuse, M., Hurst, A., de Boer, W., Lu, L., Molyneux, S. & Rawlinson, P. (2010) 3D seismic characterization of large‐ scale sandstone intrusions in the lower Palaeogene of the North Sea: completely injected vs in situ remobilized sandbodies. Basin Res., 22, 517–532.
     [Google Scholar]
  122. Talbot, C.J. (1993) Spreading of salt structures in the Gulf of Mexico. Tectonophysics, 228, 151–166.
     [Google Scholar]
  123. Torsvik, T.H., Smethurst, M.A., Burke, K. & Steinberger, B. (2008) Long term stability in deep mantle structure: evidence from the ~ 300Ma Skagerrak‐Centered Large Igneous Province (the SCLIP). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 267, 444–452.
     [Google Scholar]
  124. Van Rensbergen, P., Maltman, A.J., Hillis, R.R. & Morley, C.K. (2003) Subsurface Sediment Mobilization, introduction. In: Subsurface Sediment Mobilization (Ed. by Van RensbergenP. , HillisR.R. , MaltmanA.J. & MorleyC.K. ) Geological Society London Special Publication, 216, 1–8.
     [Google Scholar]
  125. Vejbæk, O.V. (1997) Dybe strukturer i danske sedimentære bassiner. Geologisk Tidsskrift, 4, 1–31.
     [Google Scholar]
  126. Vejbæk, O.V. & Andersen, C. (2002) Post mid‐Cretaceous inversion tectonics in the Danish Central Graben – regionally synchronous tectonic events?Geological Society Denmark Bulletin, 49, 139–144.
     [Google Scholar]
  127. Vejbæk, O.V., Bidstrup, T., Britze, P., Erlström, M., Rasmussen, E.S. & Sivhed, U. (2007) Chalk depth structure maps, Central to Eastern North Sea, Denmark. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 13, 9–12.
     [Google Scholar]
  128. Velde, B. (1996) Compaction trends of clay‐rich deep sea sediments. Mar. Geol., 133, 193–201.
     [Google Scholar]
  129. Vigorito, M. & Hurst, A. (2010) Regional sand injectite architecture as a record of porepressure evolution and sand redistribution in the shallow crust: insights from the Panoche Giant Injection Complex, California. Journal of the Geological Society London, 167, 889–904.
     [Google Scholar]
  130. Vigorito, M., Hurst, A., Cartwright, J. & Scott, A. (2008) Regional‐scale subsurface sand remobilization: geometry and architecture. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 165, 609–612.
     [Google Scholar]
  131. Wall, M., Cartwirght, J., Davies, R. & McGrandlez, A. (2010) 3D seismic imaging of a Tertiary dyke swarm in the Southern North Sea, UK. Basin Res., 22, 181–194.
     [Google Scholar]
  132. Wild, J. & Briedis, N. (2010) Structural and stratigraphic relationships of the Paleocene mounds of the Utsira High. Basin Res., 22, 533–547.
     [Google Scholar]
  133. Yardley, G.S. & Swarbrick, R.E. (2000) Lateral transfer: a source of additional overpressure?Mar. Pet. Geol., 17, 523–537.
     [Google Scholar]
  134. Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E. & Billups, K. (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to Present. Science, 292, 686–693.
     [Google Scholar]
  135. Zachos, J.C., Dickens, G.R. & Zeebe, R.E. (2008) An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon‐cycle dynamics. Nature, 451, 279–283.
     [Google Scholar]
  136. Zanella, E. & Coward, M.P. (2003) Structural framework. In: The Millennium Atlas: Petroleum Geology of the Central and Northern North Sea (Ed. by D.Evans , C.Graham , A.Armour & P.Bathurst ), pp. 45–59. Geological Society of London, London.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12060
Loading
An integrated subsurface analysis of clastic remobilization and injection; a case study from the Oligocene succession of the eastern North Sea
Basin Research 26, 641 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12060
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12060
/content/journals/10.1111/bre.12060
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Acquisition and processing details for the 3D seismic survey MARA99. Coherency cube. Chimney probability cube.

WORD
  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error