1887
Volume 4 Number 4
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The presence of brine is one of the principal hazards of underground waste disposal. A clear reflection at a brine reservoir would be expected when carrying out ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) measurements because of the high contrast in the electrical conductivity between dry rock‐salt and brine. However, this is not the case as many previous measurements have shown, and as is also demonstrated by some of our GPR measurements.

The lack of a distinct reflection at higher frequencies can be explained by the presence of a gradient zone leading to a frequency‐dependent reflection coefficient. Therefore, measurements at two frequencies (25 and 100 MHz) were carried out in a potash salt‐mine with a massive brine reservoir. When comparing the energy distributions of these measurements, the area of the brine reservoir shows a frequency‐dependent reflection coefficient as opposed to areas without brine. Several finite‐difference forward calculations using different frequencies and models deduced from drill‐cores from the area of the brine reservoir are presented. They demonstrate that brine zones are detectable by comparing different frequencies if they are not enclosed by a sharp interface but by a gradual increase in the brine content.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2005050
2005-12-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AnnanA.P., CoswayS.W. and RedmanJ.D.1991. Water table detection with ground‐penetrating radar.61st SEG Meeting, Houston, USA, Expanded Abstracts, 494–496.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. AnnanA.P., DavisJ.L. and GendswillD.1988. Radar sounding in potash mines, Saskatchewan, Canada. Geophysics53, 1556–1564.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. ArconeS.A.1995. Numerical studies of the radiation pattern of resis‐tively loaded dipoles. Journal of Applied Geophysics33, 39–52.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. EisenburgerD. and GundelachV.2000. GPR measurements for determining 3‐dimensional structures within salt deposits.Proceedings of the 8th World Salt Symposium, Amsterdam, Vol. I, 113–118.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. GrégoireC., HalleuxL. and LukasV.2003. GPR abilities for the detection and characterisation of open fractures in a salt‐mine. Near Surface Geophysics1, 139–147.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. HarariZ.1996. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) for imaging strati‐graphic features and groundwater in sand dunes. Journal of Applied Geophysics36, 43–52.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. KulenkampffJ.M. and YaramanciU.1993. Frequency‐dependent complex resistivity of rock‐salt samples and related petrophysical parameters. Geophysical Prospecting41, 995–1008.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. KurzG., AschmannL., JacobsF., KulenkampffJ., MoiseE., SchuckA. and SchulzR.2002. Auswertekonzept zur geophysikalischen Erkundung von Problemzonen im Salinar. Z. Angew. Geol. 48 (2),56–62.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. MeinkeH.H.1966. Einführung in die Elektrotechnik höherer Frequenzen, Bd. 2: Elektromagnetische Felder und Wellen. Springer Verlag, Inc.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. MundryE., ThierbachR., SenderF. and WeichartH.1985. Borehole radar probing in salt deposits.6th International Symposium on Salt, Vol. I, Northern Ohio Geological Society, Cleveland, Ohio, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 585–599.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. NickelH.1991. Ermittlung der elektrischen Gesteinskonstanten im Megahertz‐Bereich.Geologisches Jahrbuch,E 49, Hannover.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. SandmeierK.‐J.2003. Reflexw 3.0, Windows 9x/ NT‐Program for the Processing of Seismic, Acoustic or Electromagnetic Reflection, Refraction and Transmission Data. Handbook.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. SchönJ.1996. Physical Properties of Rocks; Fundamentals and Principles of Petrophysics. Pergamon Press, Inc.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. ShenL.C., SavreW.C., PriceJ.M. and AthavaleK.1985. Dielectric properties of reservoir rocks at ultra‐high frequencies. Geophysics50, 692–704.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. ShihS.F., DoolittleJ.A., MyhreD.L. and SchellentraegerG.W.1986. Using radar for groundwater investigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering112(2), 110–118.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. StoltR.H.1978. Migration by Fourier transform, Geophysics43, 23–48.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. ThierbachR.1974. Electromagnetic reflections in salt deposits. Journal of Geophysics40, 633–637.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. ThierbachR. and MayrhoferH.1978. Elektromagnetische Reflexionsmessungen in Salzlagerstätten.5th International Symposium on Salt, Hamburg, Northern Ohio Geological Society, Cleveland, Ohio, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 393–403.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. UnterbergerR.R.1974. Electromagnetic wave propagation in salt – probing into salt with radar.4th International Symposium on Salt, Northern Ohio Geological Society, Cleveland, Ohio, Expanded Abstracts, pp. 11–26.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. VossH.‐H.1979. Geologische Karte von Niedersachsen: Erläuterungen zu Blatt Nr. 3522Wunstorf. Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung, Hannover.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. YaramanciU.1994a. Relation of in situ resistivity to water content in salt rocks. Geophysical Prospecting42, 229–239.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. YaramanciU.1994b. Elektrische Eigenschaften im Salinar und ihre petrophysikalische Bedeutung. 14.Mintrop‐Seminar “Interpretationss trategien in Exploration und Produktion”, DGMK/Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, pp. 123–158.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. YeeK.S.1966. Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation14 (3), 302–307.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. ZasetskyA.Y. and SvishchevI.M.2001. Dielectric response of concentrated NaCl aqueous solutions: Molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Chemical Physics115, 1448–1454.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2005050
Loading
/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2005050
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error