1887
Volume 13 Number 4
  • ISSN: 1569-4445
  • E-ISSN: 1873-0604

Abstract

ABSTRACT

To meet the world’s growing energy needs, the oil industry is pursuing oil resources in ice‐prone regions. These activities will require robust oil spill contingency plans. One area of need is a method to remotely detect oil that is trapped beneath or within ice. The current operational method for oil detection within or under ice requires placing personnel on the ice to take measurements. A primary challenge with these measurements is the speed at which they can be collected. Presented here is a scaled‐down prototype of an Earth’s field nuclear magnetic resonance device that can be moved from one spot to another on the ice by a helicopter to quickly survey large areas. This small‐scale version has been built and tested. It successfully differentiates an oil surrogate from the bulk water signal by using an adiabatic inversion, followed by a delay to suppress the otherwise overwhelming water signal before acquiring the signal after an adiabatic half passage. The device will be scaled up, and further testing will be conducted. Initial proof‐of‐principle results show great promise for the development of a remote oil detector.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2015023
2015-02-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. BarnaalD.E. and LoweI.J.1968. Proton spin‐lattice relaxation in hexagonal ice. Journal of Chemical Physics48, 4614–4618.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. BlochF. and SiegertA.1940. Magnetic resonance for nonrotating fields. Physical Review57, 522–527.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. BrownR.J.S., ChandlerR., JacksonJ.A., KleinbergR.L., MillerM.N., PaltielZ. and PrammerM.G.2001. The history of nmr well‐logging. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance13(6), 335–417.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. CallaghanP.T.1981. Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy.Clarendon Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. FukushimaE.2012. Surface nmr coil for thin samples. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61/686,984 2012.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. FukushimaE. and JacksonJ.A.2002. Unilateral magnet having a remote uniform field region for nuclear magnetic resonance. U.S. Patent 6,489,872 2002.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. HaakeE.M., BrownR.W., ThompsonM.R. and VenkatesanR.1999. Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Wiley.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. HardyC.J., EdelsteinW.A., and VatisD.1986. Efficient adiabatic fast passage for nmr population inversion in the presence of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity and frequency offsets. Journal of Magnetic Resonance66(3), 470–482.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. HertrichM.2008. Imaging of groundwater with nuclear magnetic resonance. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy53, 227–248.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. HoultD.I. and RichardsR.E., 1969. The signal‐to‐noise ratio of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment. Journal of Magnetic Resonance24(1), 71–85.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. HoultD.I., ChenC.‐N., and SankV.J.1984. Quadrature detection in the laboratory frame. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine1, 339–353.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. International Energy Agency. World energy outlook
    International Energy Agency. World energy outlook . 2010. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo2010.pdf.
  13. International Energy Agency. World energy outlook
    International Energy Agency. World energy outlook . 2012. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/English.pdf.
  14. Iris
    Iris . 2014. Numis. http://www.iris‐instruments.com/Product/Brochure/Numis.html.
  15. LegchenkoA.V. and ShushakovO.A.1998. Inversion of surface nmr data. Geophysics63(1), 75–84.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Magritek
    Magritek . 2014. Terranova‐mri. http://www.magritek.com/products‐terranova‐overview.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. MeiboomS. and GillD.1958. Modified spin‐echo method for measuring nuclear relaxation times. Review of Scientific Instruments29(8), 688–691.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. MichalC.A.2010. A low‐cost spectrometer for nmr measurements in the earth’s magnetic field. Measurement Science and Technology21(10), 105902/1–9.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. NedwedT., SrnkaL. and ThomannH.2008. Remote detection of oil spilled under ice and snow using nuclear magnetic resonance. In: AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. PackardM. and VarianR.1954. Free nuclear induction in the earth’s magnetic field. Physical Review93, 941.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. PalandroD., NedwedT., SrnkaL., ThomannH. and FukushimaE.2013. Using nuclear magnetic resonance in the earth’s magnetic field to detect oil under ice. In: AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. RolesonS.1984. Evaluate emi reduction schemes with shielded‐loop antennas. EDN, pages 203–207.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. ShushakovO.A.1996a. Groundwater nmr in conductive water. Geophysics61(4), 998–1006.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. ShushakovO.A.1996b. Non‐invasive measurement of proton relaxation times in medium to coarse‐grained sand aquifer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging14(7/8), 959–960.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. VarianR.H.1962. Ground liquid prospecting method and apparatus. U.S. Patent 3,019,383.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. VistaClara. 2014. GMR. http://www.vista‐clara.com/instruments/gmr.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2015023
Loading
/content/journals/10.3997/1873-0604.2015023
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error