1887
  1. Home
  2. A-Z Publications
  3. Geophysical Prospecting
  4. Volume 64, Issue 4
  5. Article
Volume 64 Number 4
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

A better understanding of seismic dispersion and attenuation of acoustic waves in rocks is important for quantitative interpretation of seismic data, as well as for relating seismic data, sonic‐log data, and ultrasonic laboratory data. In the present work, a new laboratory setup is described, allowing for combined measurements of quasistatic deformations of rocks under triaxial stress, ultrasonic velocities, and dynamic elastic stiffness (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) at seismic frequencies. The setup has been used mainly for the study of shales. For such rocks, it is crucial that the saturation of the samples is preserved, which requires fast sample mounting. The design of our setup, together with a technique that was developed for rapid mounting of strain gauges onto the sample and subsequent sealing of the sample, allows for sample preservation, which is of particular importance for shales. The performance of the new experimental setup and sample mounting procedure is demonstrated with test materials (aluminium and polyetheretherketone) and two different shale types (Mancos shale and Pierre shale). Furthermore, experimental results are presented that demonstrate the capability of measuring the impact of saturation, stress, and stress path on seismic dispersion. For the tests with Mancos shale and Pierre shale, large dispersion (up to 50% in Young's modulus normal to bedding) was observed. Increased water saturation of Mancos shale results in strong softening of the rock at seismic frequencies, whereas hardening is observed at ultrasonic frequencies due to an increase in dispersion, counteracting the rock softening. The Poisson's ratio of Mancos shale strongly increases with the level of saturation but appears to be nearly frequency independent. We have found that the different types of shale exhibit different stress sensitivities during hydrostatic loading and that the stress sensitivity is different at seismic and ultrasonic frequencies.

© 2016 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers © 2016 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
2016-06-28
2024-04-18

  • From This Site

    /content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
    dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
    -contentType:Journal -contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
    10
    5
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. AdamL., BatzleM. and BrevikI.2006. Gassmann's fluid substitution and shear modulus variability in carbonates at laboratory seismic and ultrasonic frequencies. Geophysics71(6), F173–F183.
     [Google Scholar]
  2. BatzleM., HanD. and HofmannR.2006. Fluid mobility and frequency‐dependent seismic velocity—direct measurements. Geophysics71, N1–N9.
     [Google Scholar]
  3. BatzleM., HofmannR., HanD. and CastagnaJ.2001. Fluids and frequency dependent seismic velocity of rocks. The Leading Edge20(2), 168–171.
     [Google Scholar]
  4. BatzleM., HofmannR., PrasadM., KumarG., DurantiL. and HanD.2005. Seismic attenuation: observations and mechanisms. 75th SEG meeting, Houston, USA, Expanded Abstracts.
  5. ColeK.S. and ColeR.H.1941. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics – I alternating current characteristics. The Journal of Chemical Physics9, 341–352.
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Delle PianeC., SaroutJ., MadonnaC., SaengerE.H., DewhurstD.N. and RavenM.2014. Frequency‐dependent seismic attenuation in shales: experimental results and theoretical analysis. Geophysical Journal International198, 504–515.
     [Google Scholar]
  7. DunnK.J.1987. Sample boundary effect in acoustic attenuation of fluid‐saturated porous cylinders. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America81, 1259–1266.
     [Google Scholar]
  8. DurantiL., EwyR. and HofmannR.2005. Dispersive and attenuative nature of shales: multiscale and multifrequency observations. 75th SEG meeting, Houston, USA, Expanded Abstracts.
  9. FjærE., StroiszA.M. and HoltR.M.2013. Elastic dispersion derived from a combination of static and dynamic measurements. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering46(3), 611–618.
     [Google Scholar]
  10. GreenspanL.1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards81A(1).
     [Google Scholar]
  11. HofmannR.2006. Frequency dependent elastic and anelastic properties of clastic rock. PhD thesis, Colorado School on Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
     [Google Scholar]
  12. HoltR.M., BauerA., FjærE. and NesO.L.2013. Rock physics analysis of a gas shale analogue. In: The 2nd International Workshop on Rock Physics, 4–9 August 2013, Southampton, U.K.
     [Google Scholar]
  13. HoltR.M., BauerA., FjaerE., StenebråtenJ.F., SzewczykD. and HorsrudP.2015. Relating static and dynamic mechanical anisotropies of shale. In: 49th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium, 28 June–1 July, San Francisco, California, USA. American Rock Mechanics Association.
     [Google Scholar]
  14. MikhaltsevitchV., LebedevM. and GurevichB.2014. A laboratory study of low‐frequency wave dispersion and attenuation in water‐saturated sandstones. The Leading Edge33(6), 616–622.
     [Google Scholar]
  15. MüllerT.M., GurevichB. and LebedevM.2010. Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave‐induced flow in porous rocks – a review. Geophysics75, 75A147–75A164.
     [Google Scholar]
  16. NyeJ.F.1985. Physical Properties of Crystals: Their Representation by Tensors and Matrices. Oxford University Press.
     [Google Scholar]
  17. PimientaL., FortinJ. and GueguenY.2015. Experimental study of Young's modulus dispersion and attenuation in fully saturated sandstones. Geophysics80(5), L57–L72.
     [Google Scholar]
  18. SarkerR. and BatzleM.2010. Anisotropic elastic moduli of the Mancos B Shale—An experimental study. 80th SEG meeting, Denver, USA, Expanded Abstracts, 4.
  19. SpencerJ.W.1981. Stress relaxations at low frequencies in fluid‐saturated rocks: attenuation and modulus dispersion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth86(B3), 1803–1812.
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Suarez‐RiveraR., WillsonS., NakagawaS., NesO.M. and LiuZ.2001. Frequency scaling for evaluation of shale and mudstone properties from acoustic velocities. In: AGU 2001 Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December 10–14, Paper No. T32E‐0924.
     [Google Scholar]
  21. TisatoN. and MadonnaC.2012. Attenuation at low seismic frequencies in partially saturated rocks: measurements and description of a new apparatus. Journal of Applied Geophysics86, 44–53.
     [Google Scholar]
  22. WhiteJ.E.1986. Biot–Gardner theory of extensional waves in porous rods. Geophysics51(3), 742–745.
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
Loading
A new laboratory apparatus for the measurement of seismic dispersion under deviatoric stress conditions
Geophysical Prospecting 64, 789 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12425
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Anisotropy; Attenuation; Elasticity; Rock physics

Most Cited This Month Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error