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Volume 64 Number 4
  • E-ISSN: 1365-2478

Abstract

ABSTRACT

CO sequestration projects benefit from quantitative assessment of saturation distribution and plume extent for field development and leakage prevention. In this work, we carry out quantitative analysis of time‐lapse seismic by using rock physics and seismic modelling tools. We investigate the suitability of Gassmann's equation for a CO sequestration project with 1600 tons of CO injected into high‐porosity, brine‐saturated sandstone. We analyze the observed time delays and amplitude changes in a time‐lapse vertical seismic profile dataset. Both reflected and transmitted waves are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. To interpret the changes obtained from the vertical seismic profile, we perform a 2.5D elastic, finite‐difference modelling study. The results show a P‐wave velocity reduction of 750 m/s in the proximity of the injection well evident by the first arrivals (travel‐time delays and amplitude change) and reflected wave amplitude changes. These results do not match with our rock physics model using Gassmann's equation predictions even when taking uncertainty in CO saturation and grain properties into account. We find that time‐lapse vertical seismic profile data integrated with other information (e.g., core and well log) can be used to constrain the velocity–saturation relation and verify the applicability of theoretical models such as Gassmann's equation with considerable certainty. The study shows that possible nonelastic factors are in play after CO injection (e.g., CO–brine–rock interaction and pressure effect) as Gassmann's equation underestimated the velocity reduction in comparison with field data for all three sets of time‐lapse vertical seismic profile attributes. Our work shows the importance of data integration to validate the applicability of theoretical models such as Gassmann's equation for quantitative analysis of time‐lapse seismic data.

© 2016 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers © 2016 European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
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2016-06-28
2024-04-24

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Case History: Using time‐lapse vertical seismic profiling data to constrain velocity–saturation relations: the Frio brine pilot CO2 injection
Geophysical Prospecting 64, 987 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12386
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12386
/content/journals/10.1111/1365-2478.12386
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  • Article Type: Research Article
Keyword(s): Monitoring; Rock physics; Time lapse; VSP

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