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Improving Subsalt Imaging with Least-squares RTM - A Case Study At Kaskida Field, Gulf of Mexico
- Publisher: European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers
- Source: Conference Proceedings, 79th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2017, Jun 2017, Volume 2017, p.1 - 5
Abstract
Kaskida is a large three-way reservoir truncated by a salt weld and lying underneath a complex salt body. Inhomogeneous illumination from the complex overburden, which distorts the amplitude of reservoir reflectors and generates migration artifacts, has a detrimental impact on the seismic image at the reservoir level. The application of least-squares RTM (LSRTM) at Kaskida field demonstrates that it can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the subsalt image by reducing migration artifacts, and it can also improve the reservoir amplitude fidelity by compensating for illumination effects caused by the overburden velocity and acquisition geometry. We further demonstrate that a more correct velocity model derived from reflection FWI (RFWI) improves LSRTM results by providing a better raw RTM image and more accurate illumination compensation. Finally, we compare common-image gathers (CIGs) from well-data synthetic modelling, raw RTM, and LSRTM and conclude that LSRTM improves the AVO response over raw RTM because of the offset-dependent illumination compensation and reduction in migration artifacts.