Repeatability of P-Cable 3D Seismic Data

For the first time, we test the repeatability of high-resolution P-Cable seismic data at three sites with different geological and environmental settings to evaluate its potential as a time-lapse tool. Results are positive and indicate ideal setting for using P-Cable as a time-lapse tool is typical marine sedimentary deposition where the data can be processed to obtain quantitative repeatability measures similar to conventional 3D seismic (NRMS < 0.4; Predictability > 0.9). Repeatability is slightly worse in areas of harder or more chaotic sediments and where the seismic attenuation is large or surface topography steep or rough (NRMS > 0.6 and Predictability > 0.8). 4D anomalies at the active seepage site the Vestnesa ridge are commonly restricted to areas where fluid flow is likely to occur, i.e. that is the chimneys or along the BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector). The overall results gives us increased confidence that we will be able to interpret real (geological/physical) changes from time-lapse P-Cable seismic data if the right pre-conditions and geological restrictions are faced.