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Abstract

Summary

A refined ensemble-based method for constraints waterflooding optimization is presented. The problem of determining life-cycle rate controls for both producer and injector wells that maximize the Net Present Value, NPV, subject to well and field-wide capacity constraints is solved using an SQP algorithm. The required gradient is approximately computed by an ensemble-based method. Field NPV is decomposed as the sum of the NPVs of each well. Sensitivity matrix of well NPVs with respect to controls of all wells is obtained from ensemble-based covariance matrices of controls and of well NPVs to controls. For efficiency reasons ensemble size should be kept small which results in sampling errors. The effective approximate gradient is the sum of the columns of the refined sensitivity matrix. Using small-sized ensembles introduces spurious correlations that degrades gradient quality. Novel non-distance based localization technique are employed to mitigate deleterious effects of spurious correlations to refine sensitivity of NPV of production wells with respect to injector controls. The localization technique is based on the connectivity of each injector/producer pair using a Producer-based Capacitance Resistance Model (CRMP). Competitiveness factors are developed to refine sensitivity of NPV of production wells with respect to producer controls, obtained using an Interference Test. A new procedure is proposed for consideration of maximum water-cut limit resulting in producer shut-in during the optimization process. Smoothing techniques are also proposed to avoid excessive abrupt jumps in well controls and to improve the overall optimization efficiency. Proposed procedures and refinements are applied to two realistic reservoirs taken from the literature, Brush Canyon Outcrop Field and Brugge Field Case, to demonstrate the resulting level of objective function improvement and variability reduction of the obtained solutions. NPV solution statistics are obtained for twenty independent runs. Using refinements, smoothing and water cutting techniques, we obtained 15% and 28% gains with respect to the median values of unrefined solutions of the two example cases with much smaller variability.

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2018-09-03
2024-04-25

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Refined Ensemble-Based Waterflooding Optimization Subject To Field-Wide Constraints
Conference Proceedings 2018, 1 (2018); https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802210
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201802210
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