1887

Abstract

Summary

Shale gas is considered as important transition energy from fossil fuels to renewable energy in facilitating the progress of decarbonisation. However, shales are poorly understood as reservoir compared to their conventional sandstone or carbonate counterparts due to their heterogeneous and anisotropic character, as well as unconventional hydraulic fracturing process of production. In this paper, we study the difference of azimuthal seismic response between proppants suspending in hydraulic fluid and proppants contacting with the matrix during hydraulic stimulation. A two-layer model with anisotropy due to multi-set of cracks is designed to investigate Amplitude-Versus-Azimuthal Angle (AVAZ) reflections from the interface. The result indicates that the AVAZ behavior of PP reflection is different due to different shear modulus effect. The use of converted PSV exploration may also offer the detection of crack properties to optimize shale gas production.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201901045
2019-06-03
2024-04-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Hornby, B. E., SchwartzL.M., and HudsonA.J.
    , 1994. Anisotropic effective-medium modeling of the elastic properties of shales. Geophysics, 59, 1570–1583.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Hudson, J.A.
    , 1980. Overall properties of a cracked solid. Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 88, 371–384.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. , 1981. Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 64, 133–150.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Johansen, T. A., Rudd, B. O., and Jakobsen, M.
    , 2004, Effect of grain scale alignment on seismic anisotropy and reflectivity of shales: Geophysical Prospecting, 52, 133–149.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Sayers, C. M.
    , 2013. The effect of kerogen on the elastic anisotropy of organic-rich shales. Geophysics, vol. 78, no. 2, D65–D74.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Schoenberg, M. & Protazio, J.
    , 1992. ‘Zoeppritz’ rationalized and generalized to anisotropy. Journal of Seismic Exploration, 1, 125–144.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Vernik, L. and Nur, A.
    , 1992. Ultrasonic velocity and anisotropy of hydrocarbon source rocks. Geophysics, 57(5), 727–735.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Yang, L., Wu, X., and Chapman, M.
    , 2015. Impacts of kerogen content and fracture properties on the anisotropic seismic reflectivity of shales with orthorhombic symmetry. Interpretation, 3(3), ST1–ST7.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201901045
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201901045
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error