1887

Abstract

Summary

The effect of atmospheric refraction on the results of precise leveling measurements is investigated. This study is based on level measurements for 30 km line provided by Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency. The results show that refraction’s impact is not eliminated with one and the same positive and negative differences of elevation. The correction must be applied for each instrument set-up. Largest values of refraction are observed in the leveling distances with highest terrain slope. The error caused by refraction is a significant systematic error in the leveling measurements and it is mandatory to be applied.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201902641
2019-09-18
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. HytonenE.
    (1967). Measuring of the refraction in the second levelling of Finland. Finnish, Geodetic Institute Publication No. 63, Helsinki.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. KukkamakiT. J.
    (1939). Formulas and tables for computation of leveling refraction. Publication of Geodetic Institute, No. 27, Helsinki, Finland.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. (1978). Leveling refraction research, its present state and future possibilities. International Astronomical Union, Simposium No 89, pp 293–299.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Angus-LeppanP.V.
    (1884). Refraction in Geodetic Levelling, Geodetic Refraction, Springer, 1984
    [Google Scholar]
  5. NOAA Digital leveling user’s guide
    (1999).
  6. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS 31
    (1981). A model of temperature stratification for correction of leveling refraction.
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201902641
Loading
/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201902641
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error